What is this called?

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[image]

What is this called?

[image]

[image]

What is the name of this bone?

What are the names of the boarders?

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Scapula

1) Medial boarder

2) Superior boarder

3) Lateral boarder

Where does the pelvic brim span?

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What are the 2 major branches of nerves associated with the spine?

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1) Anterior rami (green): anterior muscles (front)

2) Posterior rami (purple): posterior muscles (back)

How do muscles work?

What are the 4 criteria we are looking at in regards to the back muscles? What do they entail?

By getting shorter

1) Origin: fixed attachement. Proximal (closest to midline)

2) Insertion: attachment that moves. Distal (further from midline)

3) Action

4) Nerve/innervation

1) Superficial: act on upper extremity

2) Intermediate: act on ribs

3) Deep: act upon vertebral column and head

What superficial muscles is this?

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[image]

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Innervation?

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• Origin: Cervical & thoracic vertebrae, external occipital protuberance
• Insertion: spine, acromion of scapula & lateral (away from midline) 3rd of clavicle (sholder blade)
• Action: stailizes, elevates, rotates, retracts scapula
• Nerve: cranal nerve 11(accessory)

What superficial back muscle is this?

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[image]

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Innervation?

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• Origin: lower thoracic & all lumbar spinous processes, pelvic crest
• Insertion: humerus (arm bone)
• Action: extends, adducts (draw inward) & medially rotates arm
• Nerve: Thoracodorsal nerve (anterior rami)

What superficial back muscle is this?

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Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Innervation?

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• Origin: transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
• Insertion: upper medial boarder of scapula
• Action: elevates scapula, downward roatation of glenoid fossa (scapula)
• Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve (anterior rami)

What superficial back muscles are these?

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1) Romboid major

2) Romboid minor

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Innervation?

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• Origin: C7 and upper thoracic spinous processes
• Insertion: Medial boarder of scapula
• Action: retracts scapula, downward rotation of glenoid fossa
• Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve (anterior rami)

What part of the superficial back muscles are these?

What muscles boarder it?

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What intermediate back muscle is this?

Where is it located relative to other muscles?

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Serratus posterior superior

Deep to rhomboids & scapula

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Innervation?

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• Origin: spinous process of C7 & T3
• Insertion: Ribs 2-4
• Action: elevates ribs during inspiration
• Nerve: Anterior rami

What intermediate back muscles are these?

Where is it located relative to other muscles?

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Serratus posterior inferior

Deep to lattissimus dorsi

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Innervation?

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• Origin: spinous process of T11-L2
• Innervation: Ribs 8-12
• Action: Depresses ribs during exhalation
• Nerve: anterior rami

What are the deep back muscles innervated by?

What is the Throacolumbar fascia?

Posterior rami (purple) &  thoracolumbar fascia

-Dense CT

-Supports and anchors muscles

-Invests deeps back muscles

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What are the 2 main actions of the deep back muscles?

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1. Bilateral: both sides, typically extension
2. Unilateral: one side

- Ipsilateral: to the same side

- Contralateral: different side

What deep back muscle is this?

 [image]

 [image]

Origin?

Instertion?

Action?

Nerve?

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• Origin: spines of cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae
• Insertion: occipital bone & mastoid process
• Action: bilateral contraction of the head & neck. Ipsilateral rotation of the head
• Nerve: posterior rami

What deep back muscle is this?

Origin?

Instertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

[image]

Splenius cervicis

What group of deep nack muscles are these?

What are the names of the parts?

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Erector spinae

ILS: I Love Spaghetti

1) I: illiocostallis (outermost)

2) L: longissimus (middle)

3) S: spinalis (closest to spine)

What are the overall actions of the erector spinae group?

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- Ipsilateral rotation of the spine & head

- Lateral flexion of the spine

- Bilateral extension of the head & spine

Of 3:

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

Origin: tendon & spinous process of sacral & lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae

Action: bilateral - extends vertebral column

ipsilateral flexion and rotation

Nerve: Posterior rami

What deep back muscle is #2?

Origin?

Instertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

Longissimus

Origin: tendon & spinous process of sacral & lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: ribs & transverse process of thoracic & cervical vertebrae

Action: bilateral - extends vertebral column

ipsilateral flexion and rotation

Nerve: Posterior rami

What deep back muscle is #1?

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

Illiocostalis

Origin: tendon & spinous process of sacral & lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: ribs & transverse process of cervical vertebrae

Action: bilateral - extends vertebral column

ipsilateral flexion and rotation

Nerve: Posterior rami

What is the name of this group of deep back muscles?

What are its characteristics?

What muscles makes up this group of deep back muscles?

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Transversospinal group

- Small

- Found between vertebrae

-Semispinalis

-Multifidus

-Rotatores

What are the 3 parts of the semispinalis?

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[image]

1) Capitis (head)

2) Cervicis (cervical vertebrae)

3) Thoracis (thoracic vertebrae)

Origin?

Insertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

[image]

Origin: transverse process of C4-T12

Insertion: spinous process of C & T vertebrae & occipital bone

Action: Extends spine & head

Contralateral rotation of spine & head

Nerve: Posterior rami

What deep back muscle is this?

What are its characteristics?

[image]

Multifidus

-Big in lumbar region

-Span 2-4 vertebrae

Origin?

Instertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

Origin: Tendon of erector spinae & arches of vertebrae

Insertion: Spinous processes

Action: Extends and stablizes spine

Contralateral rotation of spine

Nerve: Posterior rami

What deep back muscle is this?

What are its characteristics?

[image]

Rotatores

-Smallest of the group

-Spans 1-2 vertebrae

Origin?

Instertion?

Action?

Nerve?

[image]

Origin: Transverse process

Instertion: Spinous process

Action: extends and stabilizes spine.

Contralateral rotation of spine

Nerve: Posterior rami

What are the names of these surfaces on the scapula?

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1) Supraspinous fossa

2) Acromion process

3) Glenoid fossa

4) Infraspinous fossa

5) Spine