Term
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Definition
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Term
extrinsic back muscles
-development
-connections
-innervated |
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Definition
-migrate into the back during embryonic development, carrying their innervation
-connects upper extremity to vertebral column
-innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves |
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Term
intermediate back muscles
-action
-innervated |
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Definition
helps in forced respiration
-innervated by anterior rami |
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Term
intrinsic (deep) back muscles
-what are they?
-innervation |
|
Definition
true back muscles
innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
from occipital bone, nuchal ligament, and thoracic spinous processes
---TO---
lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Descending part elevates, ascending part depresses, and middle retracts the scapula.
---
Ascending + descending parts rotate glenoid cavity superiorly |
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Term
| latissimus dorsi attachments |
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Definition
spinous processes of lower t6-sacral vertbrae via the thoracolumbar fascia, posterior 1/3 of iliac creast and last 3-4 ribs.
---to---
intertubercular groove of humerus |
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Term
| latissimus dorsi nerve supply |
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Definition
Thoracodorsal nerve
C6, 7, 8 |
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Term
|
Definition
| extension, adduction, medial rotation of the arm. shoulder depression |
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Term
| second layer extrinsic back muscles |
|
Definition
levator scapulae
rhomboids |
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Term
| first layer extrinsic back muscles |
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Definition
trapezius
latissimus dorsi |
|
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Term
| levator scapulae attachments |
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Definition
| FROM transverse processes Cv1-4 TO medial border of scapula above spine |
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Term
| levator scapulae innervation |
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Definition
| Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) & spinal nerves C3-4 |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| rhomboid minor attachments |
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Definition
| FROM lower nuchal ligament and Cv7-Tv1 TO medial border of scapula |
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Term
| rhomboid minor innervation |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| rhomboid major attachments |
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Definition
| FROM lower nuchal ligament & spinous processes of (Tv2-5) TO medial border of scapula |
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Term
| rhomboid major innervation |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| interruption of the accessory nerve result |
|
Definition
weakness in trapezius,
inability to shrug shoulders or raise arm above head due to impaired rotation |
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Term
| interruption of thoracodorsal nerve result |
|
Definition
| weakness in latissimus dorsi, |
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Term
| interruption of dorsal scapular nerve results |
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Definition
| weakness in rhomboids, lateral shift in the position of the scapula |
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Term
| intermediate back muscles of the back |
|
Definition
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior |
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior attachments |
|
Definition
| attaches from nuchal ligament & Tv1-3 to ribs 2-5 |
|
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior innervation |
|
Definition
| 2nd -5th intercostal nerves |
|
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior action |
|
Definition
| Elevates the upper ribs in forced INSPIRATION |
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Term
| serratus posterior inferior attachments |
|
Definition
| attaches from Tv11-Lv2 to ribs 9-12 |
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Term
| serratus posterior inferior innervation |
|
Definition
| : 9th -11th intercostal nerves and subcostal N (T12) |
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Term
| serratus posterior inferior action |
|
Definition
| Depresses the lower ribs in forced EXPIRATION |
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Term
| Deep intrinsic back muscles, general action |
|
Definition
| maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column |
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Term
| deep intrinsic muscle fascia attachments |
|
Definition
medial: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of vertebrae, supraspinous ligament, and median crest of sacrum
Lateral: transverse processes of cervical and lumbar vertebrae and angles of the ribs |
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Term
| deep intrinsic back muscles |
|
Definition
from superficial to deep:
Splenius
erector spinae
transversospinalis |
|
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Term
| splenius capitis attachments |
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Definition
| attaches from nuchal ligament & spinous processes of Cv7-Tv3 to mastoid process (temporal bone) & occipital bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rotates head & flexes both head & neck toward the same (ipsilateral) side. Acting together they extend the head & neck |
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Term
| Splenius cervicis attachments |
|
Definition
| attaches from Tv3-6 to transverse processes of Cv1-3 |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rotates & flexes head & neck toward the same (ipsilateral) side .Acting together they extend the head & neck |
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Term
|
Definition
from lateral to medial
-iliocostalis
-longissimus
-spinalis |
|
|
Term
| erector spinae attachments |
|
Definition
three columns share a common origin:
from iliac crest, posterior sacrum, lumbar spinous processes, & supraspinous ligament. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Acting bilaterally, they extend vertebral column
Acting unilaterally, it bends vertebral column toward the same side (lateral flexion) |
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Term
| longissimus capitis action |
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Definition
| capitis bends head & rotates face to the contracting side when it acts unilaterally. |
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Term
|
Definition
superficial to deep:
Semispinalis
mulitidus
rotatores |
|
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Term
| transversospinalis attachments |
|
Definition
| Runs mainly from transverse processes superomedially to spinous processes of higher vertebrae |
|
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Term
| transversospinalis action |
|
Definition
Acting bilaterally, it extends vertebral column;
Acting unilaterally, it rotates column toward the opposite (contralateral) side |
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Term
|
Definition
| & is located along the upper half of vertebral column, its fascicles span 4-6 spinal segments |
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Term
| Semispinalis parts and insertions |
|
Definition
2 parts
semispinalis capitis that inserts on the occipital bone;
semispinalis cervicis that inserts on spinous process of AXIS (Cv2) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Arises from posterior sacrum , posterior superior iliac spine , aponeurosis of erector spinae , sacroiliac ligaments , mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of T1-T3 and articular processes of C4-C7. Inserts along the entire length of spinous processes, spanning 2-4 spinal segments |
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Term
| rotatores location and attachments |
|
Definition
| arise from the transverse process of vertebrae & attach to the transverse process of vertebrae . shortest as they span 1-2 spinal segments. Extends from sacrum to Cv2. |
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Term
|
Definition
an injury involving only ligamentous tissue or the attachment of ligament.
- Most commonly involves Erector spinae muscle. |
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Term
| Suboccipital region muscles |
|
Definition
-rectus capitis posterior major
-rectus capitis posterior minor
-obliquus capitis inferior
-obliquus capitis superior |
|
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Term
| rectus capitis posterior major attachments and action |
|
Definition
| from Cv2 (axis) spinous process to occipital bone & extends head |
|
|
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor
-attachments and action |
|
Definition
| muscle runs from posterior tubercle of Cv1 to occipital bone & it extends head |
|
|
Term
obliquus capitis inferior
attachments |
|
Definition
| arises from the spinous process of C2 vertebra and inserts into transverse of C1 vertebra. |
|
|
Term
Obliquus capitis superior
attachments |
|
Definition
| arises from the transverse of C1 and inserts into the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines . |
|
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Term
| suboccipital triangle innervation |
|
Definition
| posterior ramus of spinal nerve C1 (suboccipital nerve) |
|
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Term
| boundaries of the suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
-Superomedially : rectus capitis posterior major
-Superolaterally : obliquus capitis superior
-Inferolaterally : obliquus capitis inferior
-Floor : posterior antlantooccipital membrane and posterior arch of atlas
-Roof : semispinalis capitis |
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Term
| contents of the suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
-Posterior arch of atlas (Cv1)
-Vertebral artery
-Suboccipital nerve (C1) |
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Term
|
Definition
| transverse cervical artery |
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|
Term
| latissimus dorsi blood supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| levator scapulae blood supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| rhomboid major and minor blood supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| serratus posterior (inferior and superior) |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| dorsal rami of segmental artery |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| dorsal rami of segmental artery |
|
|
Term
| illiocostalis blood supply |
|
Definition
| dorsal rami of segmental artery |
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