Term
| components of the Lumbar plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| components of the Lumbosacral trunk |
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Definition
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Term
| components of the Sacral plexus |
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Definition
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Term
| sensory Branches from femoral nerve |
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Definition
-anterior femoral cutaneous nerves of the thigh
-saphenous nerve to antero-medial leg |
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Term
| sensory nerve that supplies anterolateral thigh |
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Definition
| Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2,3) |
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Term
| obturator nerve innervates... |
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Definition
| a small area of medial thigh |
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Term
| anterolateral leg sensory is innervated by |
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Definition
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Term
| dorsum of foot sensory is innervated by |
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Definition
| superficial fibular nerve |
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Term
| posterior thigh sensory innervation is by |
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Definition
| posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (S1,2,3) with a contribution from lateral femoral cutaneous nerve |
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Term
| lateral & posterior leg sensory innervation is by |
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Definition
| . medial sural cutaneous of tibial & lateral sural cutaneous of common fibular nerves |
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Term
| sole of the foot sensory innervation by |
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Definition
| . medial plantar & lateral plantar branches |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-4. T12 may also contribute |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior rami of spinal nerves L4-S4 |
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Term
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Definition
connects the Lumbar & sacral plexuses
L4-L5 |
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Term
| anterior regions of lower extremity are innervated by |
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Definition
| posterior divisions of anterior rami of lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
| posterior regions of extremity are innervated by |
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Definition
| anterior divisions of anterior rami of lumbosacral plexus |
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Term
Femoral nerve
-from?
-enters the thigh via... |
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Definition
-From L2—L4, Emerges from lateral side of psoas major
-Enters thigh behind inguinal ligament |
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Term
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
entrapment occurs at...
aka... |
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Definition
| near the ASIS and inguinal ligament and is commonly known as Meralgia paresthetica |
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Term
L1 forms...
innervates what? |
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Definition
-iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal nerves
-innervating anterior abdominal wall muscles |
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Term
L2,3,4 anterior divisions form...
innervates what? |
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Definition
-obturator nerve
-MOTOR: adductor muscles of thigh
-SENSORY: sensory branches go to hip & knee joints |
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Term
L2,3,4 posterior divisions form...
innservates...(sensory, motor) |
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Definition
femoral nerve
-sensory fibers to hip & knee joints.
-motor fibers to anterior thigh muscles |
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Term
| 4-Genitofemoral nerve comes from |
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Definition
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Term
lumbosacral trunk
-made of...
-descends via... |
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Definition
-L4,5
-descends over ala of sacrum into pelvis |
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Term
saphenous nerve
-comes from
-supplies |
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Definition
-cutaneous branch from the femoral nerve
-accompanies great saphenous vein to supply skin on medial side of leg , ankle & foot |
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Term
a graft for coronary by pass surgery may come from..?
what is at risk? |
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Definition
-great saphenous is harvested
-saphenous nerve is at risk |
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Term
| Injury of femoral nerve : at lumbar plexus |
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Definition
| Weakness of hip flexion , loss of knee extension |
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Term
| Injury of femoral nerve At inguinal ligament |
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Definition
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Term
Obturator nerve
-comes from
-enters through |
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Definition
-L2—L4. Emerges from medial side of psoas major.
-Enters thigh through obturator foramen |
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Term
| Obturator nerve innervates |
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Definition
-skin for medial thigh
-adductor muscles
-adductor longus
- adductor brevis
-adductor magnus
-gracilis
-sometimes the pectineus
-external obturator |
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Term
| Injury to obturator nerve |
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Definition
Difficulty adducting thigh
( crossing legs while sitting )
2. Decreased sensation over upper medial thigh |
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Term
| Accessory Obturator Nerve |
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Definition
-present in about 29% of cases.
-supplies pectineus and hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
-Superior gluteal nerve
-Inferior gluteal nerve
-Posterior femoral cutaneous
-Sciatic nerve (common fibular and tibial) |
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Term
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Definition
-no structures in gluteal region
-innervates posterior thigh muscles
-all leg and foot muscles
- |
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Term
tibial nerve
-innervates, broadly |
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Definition
| muscles of posterior thigh ,posterior leg and sole of foot |
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Term
Common fibular nerve
-innervates, broadly |
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Definition
| anterior and lateral compartments of leg and short head of biceps femoris in thigh |
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Term
Superior gluteal nerve
-comes from
-innervates |
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Definition
-L4—S1 passes through greater sciatic foramen above piriformis.
-gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae |
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Term
Inferior gluteal nerve
-comes from
-innervates |
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Definition
-Passes through greater sciatic foramen below piriformis.
-gluteus maximus |
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Term
Superficial fibular nerve
-supplies |
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Definition
| supplies fibularis longus & fibularis brevis |
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Term
Deep fibular nerve
-supplies |
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Definition
| supplies muscles in anterior compartment of leg & dorsum of foot |
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Term
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
-aka
-innervation |
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Definition
aka posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
-innervation to the skin of the posterior thigh, leg, & perineum |
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Term
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Definition
-sensory
-from collateral branches off of the tibial nerve (medial branch) and common fibular nerve (lateral branch)
-often used for graft |
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Term
| LS plexus vulnerabilities |
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Definition
-Femoral nerve is superficial in the hip area
-Fibular nerve is superficial at the fibular head. |
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Term
| common site of injury to The femoral nerve |
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Definition
| in the upper anterior thigh with sensory and/or motor problems |
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Term
| common site of injury to The Obturator nerve |
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Definition
trapped by intrapelvic masses that compress the nerve.
-may affect the gait and lead to outward swinging of the lower extremities during gait. |
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Term
| common site of injury to The Sciatic nerve |
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Definition
| stabbed in the buttock with a knife or a needle. |
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Term
| common site of injury to The common fibular nerve |
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Definition
-injured by a cast, tight-fitting boots, or being struck by a briefcase or car bumper.
-may lead to foot drop |
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Term
| Radiculopathy of L4 or L5 can result in |
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Definition
| pain to the foot or foot drop. |
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Term
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
-effects |
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Definition
-All motor function and sensation supplied by nerve distal to injury is lost.
-Sensation over more than one dermatome is lost |
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Term
Nerve Root Injuries
-effects |
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Definition
-often via disc herniation
-Radiculopathy
-Sensory impairment over one dermatome.
-Muscle weakening. |
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Term
Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal & Genitofemoral Nerves
-INJURY |
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Definition
| -Rare, usually associated with surgery |
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Term
| Damage to the femoral nerve is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
local cause of damage to a single nerve.
-e.g., the femoral nerve |
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Term
Meralgia paresthetica
-what is it? |
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Definition
-the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is compressed
-a terrible burning sensation felt in the outer thigh
-from repetitive leg motions, hip injury, tight clothing/low hanging belt, weight gain/pregnancy |
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Term
Obturator Neuropathy
-symptoms |
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Definition
| medial thigh or groin pain, weakness with leg adduction, and sensory loss in the medial thigh. |
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Term
| diagnosis for Obturator Neuropathy and treatment consideration |
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Definition
(EMG) and can be confirmed by a local nerve block
-Surgical decompression of the nerve may be considered |
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Term
| risk factors for Obturator Neuropathy |
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Definition
| prior surgery, pelvic trauma, hematoma or fascial entrapment. |
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Term
| common site of Saphenous Nerve Entrapment Neuropathy |
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Definition
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Term
| symptoms of Saphenous Nerve Entrapment |
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Definition
| tingling, numbness, pain on the medial side of the lower extremity with activities, burning sensation |
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Term
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Definition
-Weakened hip extension
-Inability to dorsi flex , planter flex , evert or invert foot.
-Loss of cutaneous sensation over leg and foot except medial area supplied by saphenous nerve.
-Foot drop ( lack of dorsiflexion ) and flail foot ( lack of both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion) |
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Term
|
Definition
-herniated disk
-bone spurs
-narrowing of the spinal canal (spinal
stenosis)
-tumor
-DM |
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Term
|
Definition
-Pain that radiates from the lower (lumbar) spine to the buttock and down the back of the leg to the foot.
-from a mild ache -> sharp, burning sensation -> excruciating pain |
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Term
| Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Neuropathy |
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Definition
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Term
Piriformis Syndrome
-what is it?
-symptoms |
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Definition
-when the piriformis muscle compresses the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
-usually starts with pain, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks. |
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Term
Piriformis Syndrome
-causes |
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Definition
-Trauma to the buttocks is the most common cause of piriformis syndrome.
-Overuse (e.g. skiers)
-sitting a lot (truck drivers) |
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Term
| Superior gluteal nerve lesion |
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Definition
paralysis of gluteus medius & minimus muscles
-Trendelenburg’s sign & gluteus medius (Trendelenburg) gait |
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Term
|
Definition
w/ superior gluteal nerve lesion
-pelvis drops down on the unaffected side |
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Term
| Inferior gluteal nerve lesion |
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Definition
| -difficulty rising from a seated position, climbing stairs, or running & jumping due to gluteus maximus paralysis |
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Term
Lesion of common fibular branch of sciatic nerve
-how does it commonly happen? |
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Definition
| mostly occurs as it passes subcutaneously around the fibular neck |
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Term
| the most common nerve injury of lower extremity |
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Definition
| Lesion of common fibular branch of sciatic nerve |
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Term
Lesion of common fibular branch of sciatic nerve
-what does it lead to? |
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Definition
-It results in footdrop
-loss of motor (flaccid paralysis) function in the anterior and/or lateral regions of the leg |
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Term
|
Definition
-lack of dorsiflexion
-compensation by steppage gait (extra-flexion), swing-out gait, or waddling gait of the affected limb. |
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Term
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Definition
| Orthoses & nerve stimulation |
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Term
waddling gait
-what is it?
-what is it telling of? |
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Definition
-alternate leaning trunk to opposite side
-can be from bilateral paralysis of gluteus medius |
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Term
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Definition
| compensation via abduction |
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Term
| Compression of tibial branch of sciatic nerve in the politeal fossa |
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Definition
-paralysis of calf muscles (PF)
-intrinsic plantar foot muscles atrophy
-sensory loss of sole of foot
-dropping of the pelvis on the AFFECTED side (triceps surae gait) |
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Term
| Compression of tibial branch of sciatic nerve Within tarsal tunnel |
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Definition
-pain, paresthesias, & sensory loss of sole of the foot
-intrinsic foot muscles also may atrophy
-also, the medial plantar branch may be affected |
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Term
tibial branch of the sciatic nerve
-position in ankle |
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Definition
| deep to flexor retinaculum |
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Term
| Medial plantar branch (from the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve) |
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Definition
| deep to abductor hallucis muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| compression of Tibial Branch of Sciatic nerve deep to flexor retinaculum |
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