Term
| What is the most complex part of the skeleton? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of how many bones is the skeleton comprised? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the bones of the skull connected? What is the one bone not connected in this way? |
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Definition
| By sutures; mandible (lower jaw) |
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Term
| What are sutures and how do they hold skull bones together? |
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Definition
| Sutures are jagged, immovable strips of fibrous joints which interlock |
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Term
| How do joints function, and of what are they composed? |
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Definition
| Joints attach two bones together, and each is made up of connective tissue or cartilage |
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Term
| Why are sutures important? |
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Definition
| Allow growth of skull in young animals through extension of individual bones |
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Term
| How many named openings are there in the skull, and what are the four different types? |
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Definition
| 85; foramina, canals, fissures, orbits |
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Term
| What are the three functions of the openings in the skull? |
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Definition
| They act as pathways for blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| The bony socket that protects the eye (means "circle") |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two major divisions of the skull, and what is the purpose of each? |
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Definition
1. Cranial part - cranium or brain case - to protect the brain
2. Facial - site of most differences b/w species |
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Term
| What are the functions of the skull? |
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Definition
Houses brain, and sense organs
Forms passage for Resp. & G.I tract |
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Term
What are the parts of the pig skull, as defined by the following notations?
C F M N P pmo PP Z ca I mo O PM |
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Definition
C=mandibular condyle
F=frontal bone
M=mandible
N=nasal bone
P=Parietal bone
pmo=premolar teeth
Z=zygomatic arch
ca=canine teeth
I=incisor teeth
mo=molar teeth
O=occipetal bone
PM=premaxilla |
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Term
| What is the function and composition of the cranium? |
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Definition
| Encases and protects the brain; 11 bones consisting of occipital, interparietal, perietal, temporal, frontal, sphenoid, andethmoid |
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Term
| Which bone forms the base of the skull? |
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Definition
| The Occipital bone (most caudal) |
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Term
| The occipital bone has a ____ magnum (means large hole) where the ___ ___ emerges from the skull. |
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Definition
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Term
| Define condyle (in general) |
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Definition
| A rounded prominence of bone used for articulation with another bone |
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Term
| Where are the interparietal bones located? |
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Definition
| b/w the occipital and parietal bones (only in horse, cat and dog) |
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Term
| What are the temporal bones? |
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Definition
2 bones ventral to the parietal bones
- form lateral walls of cranium
- contain most of the ear structures
- form tempromandibular joint with mandibles |
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Term
| True or False: Antricular means relating to joint(s). |
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Definition
| False, the word is Articular |
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Term
| The Occipital bone forms a joint with the ____ to form the Atlantooccipital joint |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the atlas enable the animal to do? |
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Definition
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Term
| The occipital _____ (part of the occipital bone) is what forms the the atlantooccipital joint with the atlas |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: Farm animals don't have a well-developed Parietal bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (Temporomandibular Joints) 2, one on each side |
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Term
| T or F: The articular disk is located directly beside two bones? |
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Definition
False, located b/w two bones, creating two joints:
bone//articular disk//bone
instead of
bone//bone
where "//" = 1 joint |
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Term
| What are the two joints created by an articular disk, specifically in the TMJ? |
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Definition
Lower joint: rotational mvment (opening + closing)
Upper Joint: translational (sliding jaw forward or side-to-side) |
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Term
What are the parts of the bovine skull, as defined by the following letters?
I G F |
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Definition
I=Occipital bone
G=temporal bone
F=parietal bone |
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Term
| Of what bones is the forehead composed? |
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Definition
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Term
| The frontal bones are _____ to the parietal bones |
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Definition
| Rostral, meaning towards the nose or mouth |
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Term
| The rostrolateral portion of the cranium is formed by what? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: The frontal bones form part of the orbit |
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Definition
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Term
| The frontal sinus is a large ______ sinus, contained in the frontal bones |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: Internal bones of the cranium can't be seen unless the skull is disassembled |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the internal bones of the cranium? |
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Definition
| The sphenoid and the ethmoid |
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Term
| True or false: The ethmoid bone is rostral to the occipital bone, but caudal to the sphenoid bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Olfactory nerves (sense and smell) pass through which bone in the cranium? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or false: 2 incisive or "premaxillary" bones are the most rostral bones on an animal |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The premaxillary bones house the upper incisors in all farm animals |
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Definition
| False, not ruminants obvi |
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Term
| The 2 ____ bones form the upper part of the nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| What and how many bones make up MOST of the upper jaw? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the bones that make up the upper jaw? |
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Definition
| Maxillary and premaxillary bones |
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Term
| Which bones house the canine and cheek teeth? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hard palate (roof of the mouth) is made up of which two types of bones |
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Definition
| Maxillary (the rostral portion) and palatine bones (the caudal portion) |
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Term
| What is the lacrimal bone? |
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Definition
| Forms the medial portion of the orbit |
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Term
| The ____ or "_____" bones form the lateral wall of the orbit |
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Definition
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Term
| What two bones comprise the zygomatic arch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only movable skull bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two regions of the mandible? |
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Definition
Shaft: horizontal portion that houses teeth
Ramus: caudal, vertical end, where chewing muscles are attached |
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Term
| T or F: The ramus is lateral to the zygomatic arch |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the joint formed b/w the skull and the lower jaw? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the sphenoid bone do? |
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Definition
| Supports the brain, and houses the pituitary |
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Term
| T or F: The madibular condyle in cattle and sheep is round, which allows for considerable movement in horizontal plane for grinding |
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Definition
| False, it's flat, but for the same reason |
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Term
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Definition
| The caudal portion of the hard palate |
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Term
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Definition
Scroll-like bones that allow for twists and turns for inhaled air
- fill up most of nasal cavity
- warm + humidify air
- trap small particles
- role in sense of smell |
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Term
| What bones fall under the category "axial?" |
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Definition
Bones of the head and trunk
Bones attached to the midline or "axis" of the body (skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs) |
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Term
| What bones fall under the category "appendicular?" |
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Definition
| Bones of the limbs or appendages of the trunk (thoracic and pelvic limbs) |
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