Term
| How is the scapula attached to the trunk? |
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Definition
- Clavicle (AC joint)
- Muscular attachments |
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Term
| What extrinsic muscle(s) of the scapula elevates the scapula? |
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Definition
- Levator scapulae
- Upper trap
- Rhomboids |
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Term
| What are the four rotator cuff muscles? |
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Definition
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Subscapularis
- Teres minor |
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Term
| Which of the rotator cuff muscles medial rotates the shoulder joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| In addition to movement of the shoulder joint, what is a key function of the rotator cuff muscles? |
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Definition
| To “grasp” and pull the humeral head medially, holding it against the glenoid cavity |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle? |
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Definition
| Suprascapular nerve (C4-C6) |
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Term
| If the nerve in #6 is damaged, what movement(s) of the shoulder would be affected? |
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Definition
| External rotation; initiation of ABD due to the suprascapular nerve also innervating the supraspinatus muscle |
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Term
| In abducting the arm, what muscle raises the arm to the horizontal position? What nerve is involved? |
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Definition
- Supraspinatus (initiates movement) – suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)
- Deltoid (most powerful) – Axillary nerve |
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Term
| How is the arm raised above the horizontal position? |
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Definition
- Must externally rotate the shoulder to allow for full ABD
- Serratus anterior muscle upwardly rotates the scapula (prime mover)
- Trapezius assist slightly so glenoid points upward |
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Term
| Rotator cuff injuries most commonly involve which rotator cuff muscle or tendon? |
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Definition
| - Supraspinatus muscle – due to narrowness of the subacromial space and overuse |
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Term
| Which are the boundaries of the quadrangular space? |
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Definition
| - Teres minor, long head of tri, surgical neck of humerus, teres major |
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Term
| What vessel is found in the triangular interval? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what joint does separation of the shoulder occur? What ligaments are often torn? |
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Definition
- Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
- Acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligaments (trapezoid & conoid) |
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Term
| How is the clavicle often broken? |
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Definition
- FOOSA
- Fall directly on the shoulder
- Weakest part is junction between middle and lateral thirds
- Distal end and upper limb drops |
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