Term
| what is the span of the trachea |
|
Definition
| coricoid cartilage (C6) of larynx to the sternal angle |
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|
Term
| what is the first division of the trachea |
|
Definition
| near the sternal angel divides into the principal (main) bronchi |
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|
Term
| how many cardliages are in the tracha? describe them |
|
Definition
| 16-20, U shape with a posterior opening |
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Term
|
Definition
posterior wall of the trachea
membranous wall |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| describe the borders of the trachea |
|
Definition
anterior: thymus, aortich arch, brachiocephalic trunk (artery), left bracheocephalic vein
posterior: esophagus
right: arch of ayzgos vein, right vagus nerve, right pleura and lung
left: arch of aorta, left common carotid arteries, left subclavian arteries
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Term
| where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve located |
|
Definition
| between the trachea and esophagus on the left side, loops under aorta going to the larynx |
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|
Term
| compare the two prinicial bronchi |
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Definition
| the right is wider, shorter, more verticle |
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|
Term
| if a foriegn body is inhaled where will it go |
|
Definition
| the right primary bronchi usually |
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|
Term
| what branches off of the right primary bronchi |
|
Definition
| superior, middle, and inferior secondary bronchi corresponding to the lobes |
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|
Term
| what branches off of the left primary bronchi |
|
Definition
| two secondary branches, 1 per lobe |
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|
Term
| describe the location of the right primary bronchi |
|
Definition
| inferior to the azygos vein arch |
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|
Term
| describe the location of the left primary bronchi |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| how are the lungs attached to the medistanium |
|
Definition
| vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, bronchus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| upper part of the lungs above the clavicle and thorasic aperature (2-3 cm above the first rib) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the lower, concave bast of the lungs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the sides of the lungs by the ribs, convex |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| surface of the lungs in the medistanial region |
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|
Term
| describe the shape of the right lung it divides the costal and mediastinal surfaces, what border is this |
|
Definition
| anterior border, thin and sharp |
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Term
| describe the shape of the left lung on the anterior border |
|
Definition
| there is an indentation for the cardiac notch, there is a tounge (lingula) around the heart coming from the superior node |
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|
Term
| inferior border of the lungs |
|
Definition
thin and sharp where it seperates the base and costal surface
rounded where it seperates the base and mediastinal surface |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| depression on the medaistanial surface where structures enter and leave the pleura of the lungs. so the root of the lung passes through the hilum |
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|
Term
| how many lobes does the right lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many lobes does the left lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seperate lobes of the lungs |
|
|
Term
| what fissures does the right lung have |
|
Definition
oblique: between upper and lower lobe
horizontal: upper and middle lobe |
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|
Term
| what fissures does the left lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of the upper lobe of the left lung, is the pseudo third lobe of the left lung |
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|
Term
| what surface of the lungs has lots of indentations |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what indentations are on the right surface of the lungs |
|
Definition
| heart, vena cava, esophagus |
|
|
Term
| what indentations are on the left lung |
|
Definition
| heart (large), aortic arch, descending aorta |
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|
Term
| what branch off of the secondary bronchi in each lobe |
|
Definition
| segmental or tertiary bronchi, each segment has about 10 branches supplying a section of a lobe (the bronchopulmonary segments) |
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Term
| describe the blood supply to the tertiary bronchi |
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Definition
| the broncho pulmonary segments each have a segmental bronchus and segmental artery. the veins are intersegmental and not exclusive to one branch area |
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|
Term
| what is the surgical significance of the broncho pulmonary segments |
|
Definition
| it is the smallest / deepest a surgon can go into the lungs and repair without removing pieces, it is the fartherst a camera can go down |
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|
Term
| a patient is laying on their back and aspirates a substance where does it end up? |
|
Definition
| in the superior segment of the right lower lobe |
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|
Term
| what is the significance of the pleura near the root of the lungs |
|
Definition
| it is loose allowing space for the lungs to move up and down, there is a piece that hangs below allowing movement (pulmonary ligament) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| extra piece of pleura that hangs down below the root of the lungs allowing for movement |
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|
Term
| name everything in one lung root |
|
Definition
| principal bronchus, pulmonary arteries, 2 pulmonary veins, bronchial vessels, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, autonomic nerves (anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus) |
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|
Term
| what are the two pleural cavities in the thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
| lungs and pleural membranes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| contains thymus, heart, blood vessels entering heart, trachea, esophagus, azygos venous system, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, vagus and phrenic nerves, sympathetic trunks |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ridge that marks the division of the trachea into principal bronchii |
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|
Term
| describe the general shape of a lung |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is there no well defined border in the lungs |
|
Definition
| between the costal and mediastinal surfaces |
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|
Term
| bronchopulmonary segments |
|
Definition
| group of tertiary bronchi supplying a lobe |
|
|
Term
| how many bronchopulmonary segments does the upper left lung have |
|
Definition
| 4 (2 upper and 2 lingular) |
|
|
Term
| how many bronchopulmonary segments does the lower left lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many bronchopulmonary segments does the upper right lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many bronchopulmonary segments does the middle right lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many bronchopulmonary segments does the lower right lung have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| take blood from the heart, oxygenate it, and take it back to the heart to be pumped out. the vessels have reverse oxygenation |
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|
Term
| what is the main purpose of the bronchial vessels |
|
Definition
| oxygenate lungs not near aveoli |
|
|
Term
| where do the left bronchial arteries come from, where do they go |
|
Definition
| the descending aorta, follow bronchi |
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|
Term
| where do the right bronchial arteries come from, where do they go |
|
Definition
| posterior inercostal space #3 or the left bronchial artery, follow bronchi |
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|
Term
|
Definition
do not recieve all bronchial artery blood, some comes back through the pulmonary veins
drain into azygos vein on the right and hemizygos on the left |
|
|
Term
| how many left and right bronchial arteries are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the pulmonary arteries located in each lung |
|
Definition
right: anterior to the principal bronchi
left: superior to the princial bronchi |
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|
Term
| superficial lymphatic plexus |
|
Definition
| under the visceral pleura, drains outer part of lung to the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in the hilum |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| travels along bronchi and pulmonary vessels towards hilum bronchopulmonary nodes, some pass pulmonary nodes in lung |
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|
Term
| describe the passage of lymph from the lungs starting with the common gathering place of lung lymph, the bronchopulmonary nodes |
|
Definition
| bronchopulmonary nodes > tracheobronchial nodes > paratracheal nodes (sides of trachea) > bronchomedistanial lymph trunks > thoracic ducts on left and lymphatic duct on right > juglosubclavian junction |
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|
Term
| what is specal about the lymph in the lower left lung |
|
Definition
| some is drained directly by the right bronchomediastinal lymph trunk |
|
|
Term
| what are the nerves innervating the lungs |
|
Definition
anterior and posterior pulmonary plexus
parasympathetic
sympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what do parasympatheric nerves in the lung cause |
|
Definition
| broncho constriction, increased secretions |
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|
Term
| what do sympathetic nerves in the lungs cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anterior and posterior root pulmonary plexuses |
|
Definition
nerves innervating the lungs
sensory and motor autonomic nerve fibers
come from
vegus nerve or come from thorasic sympathetic trunk
has sensory fibers from bronchial mucous membrane and aveoli |
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|
Term
| what is the relationship of the lung and pleura during development |
|
Definition
| the pleura is already there and the lung grows into the cavity filling most of it |
|
|
Term
| what is the pleura made of |
|
Definition
serous membrane
simple squamous epithelium |
|
|
Term
| where does the visceral turn into parietal pleura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe a healthy pleural cavity |
|
Definition
| little to no space, a little fluid, prevents friction |
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|
Term
| desribe the pleural cavity of somene who is unhealthy |
|
Definition
| it becomes a larger space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diaphragmatic, mediastinal, cervical (extends into root of neck and lung apex |
|
|
Term
| costial diaphragamatic recess |
|
Definition
| lowest pleural cavity between lung and diaphragm. allows room for deep inspiration, most in the back region |
|
|
Term
| costal mediastinal recess |
|
Definition
| pleura comes across under sternum leaving a crease for deep breath expansion |
|
|
Term
| nerve supply of the costal pleura |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nerve supply of the mediastinal pleura |
|
Definition
| frenic nerve (innervates diaphgram) |
|
|
Term
| nerve supply of the diaphragamatic pleura |
|
Definition
| phrenic nerve in the central region, intercostal nerve in the lateral region |
|
|
Term
| nerve supply of the visceral pleura |
|
Definition
| autonomic fibers of pulmonary nervous plexus |
|
|
Term
| which pleura is sensitive to pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lung end on the midclavicular line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lung end on the midaxillary line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lung end on the paravertebral line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the pleura end on the midclavicular line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the pleura end on the midaxillary line |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the pleura end on the paravertebral line |
|
Definition
| 12th rib where diaphragm attaches |
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