Term
What are the B and T cell zones in the lymph node?
The spleen? |
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Definition
Follicles in cortex, parafollicular area in cortex
Follicles of white pulp, periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) |
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Term
What causes increased nasal flow?
Decreased? |
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Definition
Sympathetic activity, lateral recumbent position (upper nostril), exercise, increased serum carbon dioxide, epinephrine
Sitting to supine position, lateral recumbent position (lower nostril), puberty, menstruation, pregnancy |
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Term
Which opens into the inferior meatus?
Middle meatus?
Superior meatus? |
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Definition
Nasolacrimal duct
Frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoids (into hiatus semilunaris)
Posterior ethmoids and sphenoid (sphenoethmoidal recess above superior turbinate) |
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Term
Name 5 sputum characteristics found in asthma.
COPD. |
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Definition
Curschmann's spirals (corkscrew of condensed mucus), creola bodies (clusters epithelial cells), Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophils and granule membrane lysophospholipase), eosinophils, metachromatic cells
Macrophages, neutrophils (in infection), eosinophils not predominant |
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Term
| Describe lower airway differences between asthma and COPD. |
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Definition
Asthma- fragile epithelium, thickened reticular basement membrane, possible mucus metaplasia, enlarged smooth muscle in large airways, CD4 infiltrate, marked eosinophilia, increased IL-4 and 5, reversible airflow obstruction, no emphysema postmortem
COPD- nonfragile epithelium, normal reticular basement membrane, mucus metaplasia or hyperplasia, enlarged smooth muscle in small airways, CD8 infiltrate, mild eosinophilia, +/-increased IL-4 but not IL-5, progressive deterioration of lung function, emphysema postmortem |
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Term
Where are connective tissue mast cells with tryptase and chymase (MCTC)?
Mucosal mast cells with tryptase (MCT)? |
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Definition
Skin, conjunctiva, heart, intestinal submucosa (have CD88 receptor for C5a anaphylatoxin)
Alveolar wall, respiratory epithelium, small intestine mucosa |
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Term
| What can be seen on endoscopy in EE? |
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Definition
| Linear furrows, white plaques or papules and concentric rings |
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Term
| What is seen in small bowel biopsy in celiac? |
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Definition
| Loss of intestinal villi, hyperplasia of crypts and lymphocytic infiltrate |
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