014) The study of muscles is known as:

A) Myology

B) Histology

C) Osteology

D) Trichology

Myology

Myology (my-AHL-uh-jee) is the study of the nature, structure, function, and diseases of the muscles. The human body has over 630 muscles, which are responsible for approximately 40 percent of the body’s weight. Muscles are fibrous tissues that have the ability to stretch and contract according to demands of the body’s movements. 

There are three types of muscle tissse.

 Striated muscles (STRy-ayt-ed MuS-uls), also known as skeletal muscles. Muscles that are attached to the bones and are voluntary or are consciously controlled. Striated muscles assist in maintaining the body’s posture and protect some internal organs 

•  Nonstriated muscles (nahn-STRy-ayt-ed MuS-uls), also known as smooth muscles. Muscles that are involuntary and function automtically, without conscious will. These muscles are found in the internal organs of the body, such as the digestive or respiratory systems 

•  Cardiac muscle. Involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in and other part of the body

A muscle has three parts:

•  Origin. The part of the muscle that does not move and is attached closest to the skeleton.

•  Belly. The middle part of the muscle.

•  Insertion. The part of the muscle that moves and is farthest from the skeleton. 

015) The study of bones is known as:

A) Myology

B) Histology

C) Osteology

D) Trichology

OSTEOLOGY

Osteology (ahs-tee-AHl-oh-jee) is the study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones. Os (AHS) means bone. It is used as a prefix in many medical terms, such as osteoarthritis, a joint disease. Except for the tissue that forms the major part of the teeth, bone is the hardest tissue in the body. The skeletal system forms the physical foundation of the body and is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.

016) The study of hair is known as:

A) Myology

B) Histology

C) Osteology

D) Trichology

Trichology

The scientific study of hair and scalp its diseases and care is called trichology (trih-KAHL-uh-jee), which comes from the Greek words trichos (hair) and ology (the study of)

017) The study of structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye, often referred to as "microscopic anatomy" is know as: 

A) Myology

B) Histology

C) Osteology

D) Trichology

HISTOLOGY

Histology (his-TAHL-uh-jee), also known as microscopic anatomy (mi-kroh-SKAHp-ik _ ah-NAT-ah-mee), is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues.

023) Bromhidrosis, Hyperhidrosis, Anhidrosis, and Milaria Rubra are classified as:

A) Disorder of the Sebaceous Gland

B) Disorder of the Ductless Glands

C) Disorder of the Pulmonary System

D) Disorder of the Sudoriferous Glands

DISORDERS OF THE SUDORIFERIOUS GLAND

BOMHIDROSIS (broh-mih-DROH-sis) is foul-smelling perspiration, usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, that is caused by bacteria. Severe cases require medical referral.

Hyperhidrosis (hy-per-hy-DROH-sis) is excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness. Requires medical referral.

Anhidrosis (an-hih-DROH-sis) is a deficiency in perspiration, often a result of fever or certain skin diseases. Requires medical referral.

Miliaria rubra (mil-ee-AIR-ee-ah ROOB-rah), also known as prickly heat, is an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin. It is caused by exposure to excessive heat and usually clears in a short time without treatment.

EXCRETION

The skin contains two types of duct glands that extract materials from the blood to form new substances. These are sudoriferous glands and sebaceous glands.

Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands Sudoriferous glands (sood-uh-RIF-uhrus GLANZ), also known as sweat glands, excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals. They consist of a secretory coil (seh-KREET-toh-ree KOYL), the coiled base of the sudoriferous gland, and a tube-like sweat duct that ends at the surface of the skin to form the sweat pore. Practically all parts of the body are supplied with sudoriferous glands, which are more numerous on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, the forehead, and the underarm (armpit).

The sudoriferous glands regulate body temperature and help eliminate waste products from the body. The evaporation of sweat cools the skin’s surface. The activity of sudoriferous glands is greatly increased by heat, exercise, emotions, and certain drugs. The excretion of sweat is controlled by the nervous system. Normally, 1 to 2 pints of salt-containing liquids are eliminated daily through sweat pores in the skin.

041) How much blood is in the average, adult, human body:

A) 8-10 pints

B) 10-12 quarts

C) 6-8 quarts

D) 8-10 Quarts

046) Muscles that allow you to turn your palm inwards & downwards:

A) Supinators

B)  Pronators

C) Deltoids

D) Sternocleidomastoideus

 [image]

Pronator 

  Pronator (proh-NAy-tohr)pro·na·tor Muscle in the forearm that turns the hand inward so that the palm faces downward.

047) Muscles that rotates the radius outwards and turns the palm upwards:

A) Supinators

B) Pronators

C) Deltoids

D) Sternocleidomastoideus

[image]

SUPINATOR

 Supinator (SOO-puh-nayt-ur). Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward.

048) The Pronator and Supinator are located:

A) In the wrist

B) In the palm of the hand

C) In the forearm

D) In the elbow

[image]

IN THE FOREARM

079) How many bones are located in the Metacarpus: 

A) 5

B) 8

c) 14

D) 26

[image]

5 

met·a·car·pus (mt-kärps) n. pl. met·a·car·pi (-p) 1. The part of the human hand that includes the five bones between the fingers and the wrist

080) How many bones are in the carpus: 

A) 5

B) 8

C) 14

D) 26

[image] 

8 

car•pus (kär p s) n. pl. car•pi (-p ) 1. The group of eight bones forming the joint between the forearm and the hand. Also called wrist.

081) Metacarpus is also known as the: 

A) Palm of the hand

B) Wrist

C) Knuckles

D) Fingers

[image] 

Palm of the hand 

met·a·car·pus (mt-kärps) n. pl. met·a·car·pi (-p) 1. The part of the human hand that includes the five bones between the fingers and the wrist

094) The study of the "functions" of the human body is known as: 

A) Anatomy

B) Histology

C) Physiology

D) Pathology

PHYSIOLOGY

Physiology (fiz-ih-OL-oh-jee) is the study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures. The ending -ology means study of.

Physiology (/ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/; Human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans, their organs, and the cells of which they are composed. The principal level of focus of physiology is at the level of organs and systems within systems. Much of the foundation of knowledge in human physiology was provided by animal experimentation. Physiology is closely related to anatomy; anatomy is the study of form, and physiology is the study of function. Due to the frequent connection between form and function, physiology and anatomy are intrinsically linked and are studied in tandem as part of a medical curriculum.

095) The study of the "structures" of human body that can be seen with the naked eye is known as:

A) Anatomy

B) Histology

C) Physiology

D) Pathology

ANATOMY

Anatomy (ah-NAT-ah-mee) is the study of the human body structures that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized; it is the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts.

Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of living things including their systems, organs, and tissues. It includes the appearance and position of the various parts, the materials from which they are composed, their locations and their relationships with other parts. Anatomy is quite distinct from physiology and biochemistry which deals with the functions of those parts. For example, an anatomist is concerned with the shape, size, position, structure, blood supply and enervation of an organ such as the liver while a physiologist will be interested in the production of bile and the role of the liver in nutrition and regulating body functions

096) The study of structures of the human body, that can not be seen with the naked eye is known as: 

A) Anatomy

B) Histology

C) Physiology

D) Pathology

HISTOLOGY

Histology (his-TAHl-uh-jee), also known as microscopic anatomy (mi-kroh-SKAHp-ik ah-NAT-ah-mee), is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues. 

Histology (compound of the Greek words: ἱστός "tissue", and -λογία -logia) is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.

097) Often referred to as "Microscopic Anatomy":

A) Anatomy

B) Histology

C) Physiology

D) Pathology

HISTOLOGY

Histology (his-TAHl-uh-jee), also known as microscopic anatomy (mi-kroh-SKAHp-ik ah-NAT-ah-mee), is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues. 

Histology (compound of the Greek words: ἱστός "tissue", and -λογία -logia) is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals.

124) The largest artery of the human body: 

A) Carotid

B) Jugular

C) Vagus

D) Aorta

AORTA

The largest artery in the body is the aorta (ay-ORT-h).

Arteries (AR-tuh-rees). Thick-walled, muscular, flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles. 

148) A "U" shaped bone found in the throat: 

A) Lacrimal

B) Hyoid

C) Patella

D) Talus

[image]

Hyoid bone (Hy-oyd BOHN). u-shaded bone at the base of the  tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles. The larynx (lar-inks), commonly called the "voice box," is a tube shaped structure comprised of a complex system of muscle, cartilage, and connective tissue. The larynx is suspended from the hyoid bone, which is significant in that it is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bone. The framework of the larynx is composed of three unpaired and three paired cartilages. The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the unpaired cartilages, and resembles a shield in shape. The most anterior portion of this cartilage is very prominent in some men, and is commonly referred to as an "Adam's apple."

216) Nerve endings of the skin are most abundant here:

A) Eyelids

B) Soles of the feet

C) Fingertips

C) Palms of the hands

FINGERTIPS

The papillary layer of the dermis houses the nerve endings that provide the body with the sense of touch, pain, heat, cold, and pressure. Nerve endings are most abundant in the fingertips. Complex sensations, such as vibrations, seem to depend on the sensitivity of a combination of these nerve endings.

234) Refers to the lining sourrounding the heart:

A) Perionychium

B) Pericardium

C) Perioal

D) Peristalysis

[image]

PERICARDIUM

The heart is a muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system. It is often referred to as the body’s pump. The heart is enclosed by a double-layered membranous sac known as the pericardium (payr-ih-KAR-dee-um), which is made of epithelial tissue.

240) Groups of cells working together for a single purpose are called:

A) Sytsems

B) Organs

C) Tissues

D) Cells

TISSUE

Tissue (TiSH-oo) is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function. Each kind of tissue has a specific function and can be recognized be its characteristic appearance. Body tissues are composed of large amounts of water, along with various other substances.

There are four types of tissue in the body:

• Connective tissue is fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and adipose tissue (ADD-ih-pohz _  TiSH-oo), a technical term for fat. Adipose tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body. 

• Epithelial tissue (ep-ih-THEE-lee-ul _TiSH-oo) is a protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the  tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.

• Muscle tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body.

• Nerve tissue carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Nerve tissue is composed of special cells known as neurons that make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord.

241) Groups of tissues working together for a single purpose are called:

A) Sytsems

B) Organs

C) Tissues

D) Cells

ORGANS

Organs are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals. Nine Major Body Organs and Their Functions,

BRAIN-Controls the body

EYES- Control the body’s vision.

HEART- Circulates the blood.

KIDNEYS- Excrete water and waste products.

LUNGS- Supply oxygen to the blood.

LIVER- Removes waste created by digestion.

SKIN- Covers the body and is the external protective coating.

STOMACH- Digests food, along with the intestines

INTESTINES- Digest food, along with the stomach.

242) Groups of organs working together for a single purpose are called:

A) Sytsems

B) Organs

C) Tissues

D) Cells

Body systems, 

also known as systems, are groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions, 

Eleven Main Body Systems and Their Functions,

list some of the most important organs of  the body and the main body systems and their functions.

DIGESTIVE-Breaks down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands, and other organs.

ENDOCRINE-Affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body; consists of specialized glands.

EXCRETORY-Purifies the body by eliminating waste matter; consists of kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, and lungs.

INTEGUMENTARY-Serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature; consists 

of skin and its accessory organs, such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails.

LYMPHATIC/IMMUNE-Protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease-

causing toxins and bacteria.

MUSCULAR-Covers, shapes, and holds the skeletal system in place; the muscular system contracts and moves various parts of the body.

NERVOUS-Controls and coordinates all other systems of the body and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently; composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

REPRODUCTIVE-Produces offspring and passes on the genetic code from one generation to another.

RESPIRATORY-Enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen, and eliminating carbon dioxide as a waste product; consists of the lungs and air passages.

SKELETAL-Forms the physical foundation of the body; composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape and are connected by movable and immovable joints.

264) The upper two, thin-walled chambers of the heart, are referred to as: 

A) Atrium

B) Ventricles

C) Vesicles

D) Aorta

[image]

ATRIUM

Upper, thin-walled chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. There is a right atrium and a left atrium.

265) The lower two, thick-walled chambers of the heart, are referred to as: 

A) Atrium

B) Ventricles

C) Vesicles

D) Aorta

[image]

Ventricles

The ventricle (VEN-truh-kul) is a lower, thick-walled chamber that receives blood from the atrium. There is a right ventricle and a left ventricle. 

269) The skin and it's various accessory organs is known as the:

A) Epithelial System

B) Endocrine System

C) Pulmonary System

D) Integumentary System

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Body system that consists of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails; serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature.

299) How many tissues are found in the human body:

A) 4

B) 5

C) 7

D) 3

4

Tissue (TISH-oo) is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function. Each kind of tissue has a specific function and can be recognized by its characteristic appearance. Body tissues are composed of large amounts of water, along with various other substances. There are four types of tissue in the body:

• Connective tissue is fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports the various parts of the body. Examples of connective tissue are bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, blood, lymph, and adipose tissue (ADD-ih-pohz TISH-oo), a technical term for fat. Adipose tissue gives smoothness and contour to the body. 

•  Epithelial tissue (ep-ih-THEE-lee-ul _ TISH-oo) is a protective covering on body surfaces, such as skin, mucous membranes, the  tissue inside the mouth, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands.

• Muscle tissue contracts and moves various parts of the body.

• Nerve tissue carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Nerve tissue is composed of special cells known as neUrons that make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord.

321) Small, thin bones, located at the front, inner walls, of the orbits:

A) Malar bones

B) Lacrimal Bones

C) Zygomatic Bone

D) Hyoid Bones

[image]

LACRIMAL BONES

The lacrimal bone, the smallest and most fragile bone of the face, is situated at the front part of the medial wall of the orbit. It has two surfaces and four borders.

322) These bones form the prominence of the cheeks:

A) Zygomatic Bone

B) Malar bones

C) Hyoid Bones

D) A & B

ZYGOMATIC BONE

MALAR BONES

Zygomatic bones (zy-goh-MAT-ik BOHNS), also known as malar bones or cheekbones. Bones that form the prominence of the cheeks. There are two zygomatic bones. 

zygomatic bone- (malar bone) In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (cheekbone, malar bone) is a paired bone which articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossa. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; three processes, the frontosphenoidal, orbital, maxillary, and temporal; and four borders

.