Term
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Definition
| basically a white blood cell; but it fragments and becomes platelets |
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Term
| blood travels from the right ventricle to the lungs through the pulmonary ______, which then becomes the pulmonary _________ |
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Definition
| pulmonary trunk --> pulmonary arteries |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
diastole: heart is relaxed; atria contract, forcing blood into the ventricles
systole: ventricles contract, forcing blood out of pulmonary trunk and aorta |
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Term
| sinoatrial node/SA node/Sinus node |
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Definition
| in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava; the heart's natural pacemaker, about 120 impulses/minute |
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Term
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Definition
parasympathetic nervous system
slows down the SA node to a normal heartrate of 50-75 impulses/minute |
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Term
| AV node/atrioventricular node |
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Definition
| at the intersection of the four heart chambers; conducts the SA node's electrical impulse through the heart via the bundle of His and then the Purkinje fibers, which spread throughout the ventricle walls. |
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Term
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Definition
| the percentage of whole blood volume that's red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| blood without any proteins in it (aka defibrinated plasma) |
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Term
| hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure |
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Definition
hydrostatic: water tries to flow out of capillaries into tissues
oncotic: water tries to stay in capillaries; caused by protein concentration like serum albumin |
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Term
| a breakdown of capillary walls could cause edema. What is edema? |
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Definition
| Oncotic pressure can't hold the water in, so it flows out into the tissues. |
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Term
| thoracic duct vs. right lymphatic duct |
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Definition
| these are the two major ducts of the lympatic system. The thoracic duct takes care of the lower body and the upper left body; the right lymphatic duct takes care of the upper right side of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| found along the lymphatic vessels; contain lymphocytes, which are a kind of leukocyte which fights infection. |
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Term
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Definition
- both part of lymphatic system
spleen: basically a big lymph node, but it filters blood instead of the lymph fluid.
thymus: lymph organ; T-lymphocytes mature here. it degenerates after adolescence. |
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Term
| T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes |
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Definition
T lymphocytes: cell-mediated immunity. (this means no antibodies, just cells eating nasy stuff.) mature in the thymus.
B lymphocytes: humoral immunity - i.e. antibodies. |
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Term
| in the stomach, HCl is released by ________, which then activates ___________, secreted by chief cells, into _______. |
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Definition
| HCl is released by parietal cells --> activates the pepsinogen secreted by chief cells into pepsin |
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Term
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Definition
| the esophagus pushing food down into the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
| how pancreatic enzymes like trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen get into the small intestine. |
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Term
| an inactive enzyme, like pepsinogen or trypsinogen, is called |
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Definition
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Term
| enterokinase/enteropeptidase |
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Definition
| an enzyme in the small intestine that cleaves trypsinogen into trypsin after trypsinogen has been secreted by the pancreas through the pancreatic duct. |
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Term
| name the four digestive enzymes secreted from the pancreas into the small intestine |
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Definition
1. pancreatic amylase (digests carbs/starch)
2. trypsin/chymotrypsin (proteins)
3. lipase (fats) |
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Term
| bile is produced in the _________ and stored in the __________ |
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Definition
| bile: produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder. |
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Term
| what is the function of bile? |
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Definition
| it's an emulsifying agent that gets poured into the small intestine from the gall bladder through the common bile duct. It breaks up lipid globs so the lipase can work on it with greater surface area. |
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Term
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Definition
| how food gets from the small intestine through into the large intestine |
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Term
| what are the principal inorganic constituents of bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the crytalline combination of calcium and phosphate in bone |
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Term
| type I collagen and ground substance |
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Definition
| the organic component of the bone matrix. Ground substance is made of glycosamines and proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| bone cells that hang out in lacunae (little spaces in the bone matrix) and maintain the matrix. they are osteoblasts with reduced collagen-making ability. |
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Term
| red marrow and yellow marrow |
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Definition
red marrow: red blood cell and platelet production. In adults, mostly hangs out in flat bones like ribs and skull bones.
yellow marrow: full of adipocytes (fat cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| the unit of compact bone. Concentric circles running around it: lamellae. Channel down the middle: Haversian canal. |
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Term
| thin segments of bone surrounding marrow spaces in spongy bone |
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Definition
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Term
| there are three kinds of joints: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. The most flexible joints are: |
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Definition
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