Term
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Definition
| a specialized connective tissue that contains living cells surrounded by a non-living matrix |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cells (red or white) & cell fragments (platelets) that are suspended in the plasma |
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Term
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Definition
| A matrix called plasma & formed elements |
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Term
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Definition
composed of water & dissolved substances
-gases: oxygen & CO2
-proteins: hormones, clotting factors, antibodies
-glucose
-ions: Na+, K+, Ca++ |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of blood occupied by cells; normal vaule is 45% |
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Term
| What are the two types of blood cells? |
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Definition
Red blood cells
White blood cells |
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Term
What's red blood cells?
-name
-shape
-contains what |
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Definition
Erythrocytes
-not a true cell b/c nucleus & organelles are lost as cell matures
-shape is a biconcave disc
-very flexible to squeeze through capillaries
-large surface area to volume ratio, efficient for O2 movement in & out of cell
Packed w/ hemoglobin protein which contains an iron molecule that binds O2 |
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Term
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Definition
blood has low O2 capacity
-fewer RBCs(hemorrhage, bone marrow destruction)
-abnormal hemoglobin(lack of iron, genetic defect) |
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Term
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Definition
an excess of RBCs
-slight inc. is normal in people living at higher altitudes
-large excess is abnormal(can be life-threatening)(bone marrow cancer) blood thickens & impairs circulation
-blood doping |
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Term
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Definition
the formation of RBCs in red bone marrow(adult sternum, pelvic girdle, femur)
-stimulated by kidney hormone erythropoietin(EPO) via negative feedback
-not stored, made when needed
-requires iron & B vitamins |
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Term
| What is the lifespan of RBCs? |
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Definition
~120 days
-destroyed in spleen
-the iron is recycled
-the hemoglobin degraded to bilirubin(usually metabolized by liver & intestine, excess causes jaundice) |
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Term
What are White blood cells?
-found
-function
-contain |
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Definition
Leukocytes
-they travel in the bloodstream, and in tissue
-primary function is to fight infection & disease
-formed in red bone marrow
-stored in large #s, so blood levels can rise rapidly
-released in response to immune system signal
-has nucleus, lacks hemoglobin |
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Term
| What are the types of leukocytes? |
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Definition
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Lymphocytes |
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Term
What is the primary role/function of
neutrophils? |
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Definition
-usually the first of the WBCs to arrive at an injury site
-very active phagocytes, specializing in attacking & digesting bacteria |
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Eosinophils? |
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Definition
-generally ignore bacteria & cellular debris
-attracted to foreigh compounds that react w/ circulating antibodies
-#s inc. during allergic reaction or parasitic worm infection |
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Basophils? |
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Definition
-migrate to sites of injury & cross the capillary wall to accumulate w/in the damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids
-releases histamine that enhances local inflammation initiated by mast cells |
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Monocytes? |
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Definition
| -release chemicals that attract & stimulate neutrophils, additional monocytes & other phagocytes & lure fibroblasts to the region |
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Term
| What is the primary role/function of Lymphocytes? |
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Definition
-attack both foreign cells & abnormal cells of the body & secrete antibodies into the circulation
-act to protect the body & its tissues |
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Term
| What is the lifespan of WBCs? |
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Definition
| varies from a day(neutrophils) to decades(lymphocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
cancer of WBCs
-excess WBCs crowd out RBCs in the marrow, producing anemia
-WBCs are abnormal & patient is susceptible to infection |
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Term
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Definition
| fragments of cells that are important in the clotting process |
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Term
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Definition
| process that stops bleeding |
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Term
| What are the processes of hemostasis? |
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Definition
Smooth muscle contraction
-damaged area constricts to slow bleeding
Platelet plug(phase)
-edge of cut becomes sticky attracting platelets. release chemicals to attract more platelets (+ feedback) to clot cut
Clot formation(Coagulation)
-plasma proteins converted into fibrin that trap RBCs & form clot
-clot remains until vessel wall repaired |
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Term
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Definition
| the absence of clotting factor, results in uncontrollable bleeding |
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Term
| What does the liver need for clotting? |
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Definition
| Vitamin K is required to synthesize clotting factors |
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Term
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Definition
| A blood clot attached to the internal surface of a blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| A drifting blood clot in circulation |
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