Greater omentum:

covers....

can be reflected....

intestines anteriorly

not attached

Large bowel (quadrant, intra/retroperitoneal, associations:

1) cecum

2) Ascending colon

3) R colic flexure

4) transverse colon

5) L colic flexure

6) desc colon

7) sigmoid

8) rectum

-appendix= has its own mesentary so it is intraperitoneal

1) LRQ, associated with appendix intraperitoneal

2) retroperitoneal

3) aka: hepatic flexure

4) intraperitoneal, transverse mesocolon attaches to anterior abdom wall

5) aka splenic flexure

6)fixed=retroperitoneal

7)has its own mesentary=intraperitoneal

retroperitoneal=fixed

intraperitoneal=has a mesentary, can move around

Small intestine

intra/retro?

mobility

intraperitoneal- (jejunum, ileum) and for 1st part of duodenum.

retro-duodenum

small intestine is Very mobile.

3 divisions of small intestines:

length, quadrant, & intra/extraperitoneal location

**Rule of 1812

1) Duodenum, 1´, RUQ, initial part extraperitoneal,

duodenojejunal junction

3) Jejunum, 8´, LUQ, intraperitoneal

3) ileum, 12´, intraperitoneal, joins cecum in LRQ

THE MESENTERY

1) supports

2) anchoring

1) 20´of INTRAPERITONEAL small intestine

2) fixed root(8") attaches (is continous with the parietal peritanium of posterior wall) posteriorly from LUQ to RLQ, small portion of anchoring, but spreads to support all small intestines

-duadnojejunum, iliocecum?

Movement of Organs

1) retroperitoneal

2) intraperitoneal

1) fixed

2) fixed but have mesenteries that allow them to have flexible mov´t

Plicae circulares

1) location

2) physical structure

3) function

4) distinct from

1) Internal small intestine

2) Circular permanent foldsof mucosa of small intestines (simple columnar epithelium)

3) Increases surface area of mucosa.  Deals with final chemical breakdown on materials and absorption of water.

4) large intestines

specific characteristics of Large Intestine:

1) taeniae coli

2) haustra

3) epiploic appendages

1) 3 exaggerations of longitudinal smooth muscle...shortening exaggerates haustra.

2) segmented sacs= which create internal ridges called semilunar folds.

3) sacs of fat covered by serous membrane; dangling from large bowel, on the bowel, different

rectum:

1) location

2) inside rectum

3) epithelium transition

4) sphincters

1) retroperitineal pelvic organ, posterior in pelvis against sacrum

2) transverse folds

3) changes from simple columnar epithelium inside rectum to stratified squamous on outer portion

4) Internal anal sphinctor (smooth muscle, ANS, parasym from S2,S3,S4) and external (skeletal muscle, voluntary, inf rectal n.) anal sphincters

Zones of anal canal

5

1) Rectum: simple columnar with goblet cells

*2) columnar zone

*3) anal pecten

*4) cutaneous

5) perianal skin: stratified squamous

*anal canal

Rerouting of bowel:

1) ileostomy

2) colostomy

1) ileum brought to surface

2) large bowel brought to surface

**both before normal anus

**can be temporary