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| anatomy that considers the organization of the human body as major parts or segments (main body, head, lower limbs, upper limbs...) |
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| what lies under the skins and what is palpable in the body, used in practice to distinguish any abnormailities |
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| clinical application of surface anatomy |
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| carefully prepared dissections for the demonstration of anatomical structures |
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| Systemic anatomy (name all OSs) |
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| Study of the body's organ systems that work together to carry out complex functions: integumentary system, skeletal system, articular system, muscular system, nervous system, circulatory system, alimentary system, respiratory system, urinary system, genital system, endocrine system) |
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Term
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Definition
body position as if the person were standing upright with
-head, eyes and toes anterioirly
-arms adjacent to sides with palms anteriorly
-lower limbs close together with feet parallel |
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| Median plane (vertical plane dividing body into left and right), Sagittal planes (pass through body parallel to median plane), Frontal planes (vertical plane passing through body perpendicular to median plane), and Transverse planes (horizontal planes at right angle to median and frontal planes) |
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| Longitudinal (parallel to vertical axis of body), transverse (slice through body at right angle to longitudinal), and Oblique (no on any of either plane) |
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| nearer the topmost point of cranium |
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| structure nearer to sole of the foot |
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| front surface of the body |
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| farther from median plane |
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| the superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from body (including posterior of palm) |
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| inferior aspect of the foot |
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| surface of hands, feet and digits |
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| palm and corresponding side of digits |
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| surface and foot and toes corresponding to the sole |
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| nearer to point of limb attachment |
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| further from point of limb attachment |
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| paired structures having left and right members |
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| those structures only occurring on one side |
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| either towards the posterior side or making angle on limb larger |
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| either towards anterior or making angle smaller at a joint |
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| moving away from the median plane (spreading fingers) |
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| moving towards the median plane (or bringing fingers together from a spread position) |
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| circular movement of lower limb at hip joint |
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| flexion at ankle joint as occurs when walking uphill |
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| bending at foot and toes toward the ground |
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| turning or revolving a part of the body around its longitudinal axis |
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| rotates the radius medially so palm of the hand faces posteriorly |
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| rotation of hand from facing posteriorly to the anatomical position |
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| moving sole of foot away from the median plane |
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| moves sole of foot toward median plane |
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| raises or moves a part superiorly |
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| lowers of moves a part of the body interiorly |
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| movement anteriorly (moving jaw forward) |
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| movement posteriorly (move jaw back) |
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| movement of a digit tip to the palm |
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| movement of a digit from touching palm back to extension |
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| bones of the head, neck and trunk (ribs sternum, vertebrae and sacrum) |
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| bones of the limbs including shoulder and pelvic girdles |
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| a semirigid form of connective tissue |
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| living tissue that is hard and provides support for the body, protection, storage of salts, movement and supply of blood cells |
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| a fibrous connective tissue that covers each skeletal element |
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| later that surrounds cartilage |
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| Compact and spongy bones... spongy bone usually resides inside an outer layer of compact bones |
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-Long bones (tubular)
-Short bones (cuboidal as in the tarsus)
-Flat bones (protect / cranium)
-Irregular bones (various shapes as in the face)
-Sesamoid bones (develop where tendons meet ... patella) |
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| markings that appear where tendons, ligaments and fascias are attached or where arteries lie adjacent to bones |
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| A bone marking: small round articular head |
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| A bone marking: rounded, knuckle like articular area often in pairs |
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| A bone marking: ridge of bone |
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| A bone marking: eminence superior to condyle |
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| A bone marking: smooth flat area where bone articulates with another bone (usually covered incartilage) |
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| A bone marking: passage through a bone |
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| A bone marking: hollow or depressed area |
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| A bone marking: Elongated depression or furrow |
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| A bone marking: Large, round articular end |
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| A bone marking: Linear elevation |
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| A bone marking: rounded process |
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| A bone marking: indentation at the edge of a bone |
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| A bone marking: projection of a bone |
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| A bone marking: thorn-like process |
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| A bone marking: Projecting spine-like part |
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| A bone marking: Large blunt elevation |
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| spool-like articular process or process that acts like a pulley |
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| A bone marking: small raised eminence |
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| A bone marking: large rounded elevation |
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| system by which blood reaches osteocytes (bone cells) |
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| Synovial joints (joint between two articular bones with lubricating synovial fluid), Fibrous Joints (fibrous tissue joints as in skull), and Cartilaginous Joints (cartilage occurs between joints as inbetween vertebrae and in developing bone) |
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| 6 types of synovial joints |
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Definition
| plane joints (glide/slide), hinge joints (permit flexion and extension/elbow), Saddle joints (permit abduction adduction flexion and extension/metacarpal and trapexium), Condyloid (ext,flex,abd,add, and circumduction/ metacarpal & prox. phalanx), ball and socket joints (hip), Pivot joints (rotation C1 vertebrae) |
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| How blood goes to and from joints |
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Definition
| Articular arteries and articular veins |
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| The nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments |
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Term
| Posteroanterior Projection |
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Definition
| Xray that transverses a patient from posterior to anterior |
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| Aneroposterior Projection |
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| Xray that passes from anterior to posterior of a patient |
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| Point of Maximal Impulse - located at the 5th intercostal space, this is where the heart beats closest to the chest wall. |
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| 4 Chambers of the heart (following bloodflow from Vena Cava to Aorta) |
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| Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle |
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Definition
| Cartilagenous tube that extends through the neck into the thorax and divides into two bronchi |
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| Describe the lobes of the lungs |
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Definition
| The right lung has 3 lobes, superior, medial and inferior. The left lung has 2 lobes, the superior and inferior. The superior and inferior are separated by the oblique fissure. The middle lobe and superior in the right lung are separated by the horizontal fissure |
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| Describe the alimentary canal from the mouth to the anus. |
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Definition
| Mouth, Pharnyx, Esophagus, Stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus |
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Definition
| An endocrine and exocrine organ that is connected to the duodenum |
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Definition
| Small finger-like projection off the cecum |
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| Which kidney is more superior? |
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Definition
| The left, because the right is displaced by the liver. |
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Term
| inferior thoracic aperature |
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Definition
| the bottom of the thorax where the ribs open |
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| Superior Thoracic Aperature |
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Definition
| open conduit on the upper portion of the thorax where the esophagus trachea and major vessels exit the superior end. |
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Definition
| point of an organ at which vessels enter and leave |
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