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DIMINI: after 5,000 B.C
•Dimini covers an area of only 2 acres
hectares and is also located in
Thessaly.
The astonishing fact about this site are
the six concentric circular enclosures
to better organization of the land.
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Figural Sculpture of Neolithic Greece: “The Thinker” 4,500 B.C.
•The Thinker” is a clay figurine found in the town on Karditsa in Thessaly.
•Called this due to the position of the figure-hand to head.
•This is the largest Neolithic figurine found on mainland Greece.
•Dated to 4500 3300 BC.
•Now in the Athens National Museum.
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•These figurines are the most iconic images from the Cycladic culture.
•Called ‘STARGAZERS’ due to positions of folded arms around stomach, head tilted upwards, always on tiptoes.
•Usually female. Fertility Idols?
•Use Unknown, FOUND IN BURIAL CONTEXTS.
•Made from ‘white, sugary’ local island marble.
•Range in size from a few inches to life size.
•Many were painted with red and blue pigments, depicting features, jewelry, dress.
•They are very stylized and ‘contemporary looking.
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Minoan Bull Leaping Fresco, Knossos
Bull=mascot of all that is male, brutish, strong, fertile
Acrobats Fresco= showing 3 primary positions
a sport reserved for men
main event in courtyards
man vs. beast |
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The Harvester Vase: Hagia Triada,
c. 1550-1500 BC. Carved from Steatite
shows men coming back from the field
cistrum (from Egypt) on man plays as men sing along leaving with rich bounty
continuous narrative around vase
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Grave Circle A Gold Mask:“I have gazed into the face of Agamemnon”-Heinrich Schleimann
Grave Circle A contained 13 cist graves. It is believed about 9 adult males, 8 adult females, and 2 children / teenagers were buried there. Their bodies were wrapped in shrouds, and lowered into the shaft pits. Male bodies were adorned with gold masks.
1500-1550 B.C.E
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The Lion Gate:
Monumental Sculpture
two lions, back legs on the ground front legs on podium
next to the column (all that is mycenaean?)
relieving triangle made of lighter rock, tuffa?
The end of the Phrygian kingdom is a fixed date, about 675 B.C. |
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•The so-called “Lefkandi Centaur”. Body of a horse, upper body of a man.
•Date 1000-900 B.C.
•Found in 2 parts in the two separate burials at the Heroon at Lefkandi.
•Depicts a centaur, an image adopted from Cyprus.
•Terracotta painted with geometric patterns.
One of only sculptures we have from the Dark Ages. They know of Greek mythology? |
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The ‘Dipylon Amphora’, 750-700B.C.: Made of terracotta, from Athens
•The Dipylon cemetery in Athens provides important advance in pottery. We find huge vases used as burial markers in 2 shapes Krater (top) for men, Ampora (bottom) for women.
•Holes in the bases of the large vases (over
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Early Temple Models., 800-700 B.C., Terracotta Temple/House from Perachora,
probably made in Corinth. See Lawrence & Boardman
Apsidal entrance way/step into something greater.
Height 33cm Athens
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The Eleusis Amphora, 650 B.C.:
Masterpiece of Proto-Attic Pottery
•This amphora depicts the blinding of Polyphemus at the top, a scene from Homer’s “The Odyssey”.
•Boars-and-lions on the shoulder.
•Body of vase, the hero Perseus and the Gorgon sisters. Hero that killed Medusa.
•This Attic piece used eastern motifs to tell two stories in narrative scenes - note the drinking cup in Polyphemus' hand, and the attempt to distinguish Odysseus by painting him in white and show him in action.
•Proto-Corinthian pottery does not do this, just decorative.
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Calf-bearer (Moschophoros), 560 B.C.
•Dedication of one man named Rhombos, showing a man (himself?) carrying a calf to sacrifice on Athenian Acropolis.
•5’5” in height
•Version of the kouros.
•Note early example of the ‘Archaic Smile’.
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Masterpiece of Greek Statueyy: The Peplos Kore, 530 B.C.
•Found on the Athenian Acropolis.
•Half life-size in height.
•She wears a heavy woolen dress called a PEPLOS.
•She was painted in bright colors.
•Dedication to the goddess Athena
•Wore a bronze wreath & earrings.
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‘Basilica’/ Temple of Hera
Oldest of the two, 600-550 B.Cat Paestum
•The Basilica, aka Temple of Hera built around 550 BC by Greek colonists, is the oldest surviving temple in Paestum.
•18th century archaeologists named it "The Basilica" because they mistakenly believed it to be a Roman building. Inscriptions revealed that the goddess worshiped here was Hera.
•Cella has central row of columns. Shafts taper 1/3 from diameter of the columns at base and their sides are convex (they swell outward), adding illusion of height and strength).
The entire pteron remains standing
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The Ionic Temple to Artemis at Ephesus, 560 B.C.
•Ionic order used to create one of the largest temples in antiquity.
•Ephesus is in modern-day Turkey, a Greek colony settled there.
•One of the seven wonders of the ancient world.
•King of Lydia, a King Croesus, paid for most of the columns of the Artemesion.
•Theodoros, a Greek architect and engineer appears to have worked on this temple, along with a Cretan architect, and his son.
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•Black-figure pottery typically depicted figures in silhouette, but it was somewhat limited in artistic scope due to the limitations of engraving tools.
•Only a few painters are known by name, though many black-figure vases have been grouped on the basis of painting style and appear to be the work of distinct individuals or workshops.
•The most famous named painter is Exekias, a vase painter of the 6th century BC who is best known for his battle scenes.
550 BC - 525 BC at Athen
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The Francois Vase, 570 B.C.
•The François Vase, a milestone in the development of Greek pottery.
•Large volute krater decorated in the black-figure style which stands at 66cm in height.
• Found in 1844 in an Etruscan tomb and named after its discoverer Alessandro François; it is now in the Museo Archeologico at Florence.
Ergotimos made [me]; Kleitias painted [me
•It depicts over 200 figures, many with identifying inscriptions, representing a number of mythological themes.
•Principal subject is the marriage of Peleus and Thetis.
•In 1900 a museum guard threw a stool at the case that contained the vase and smashed it into 638 pieces! Restored but fragments now missing.
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Tomb of the Diver. 470 B.C.
Greek Wall Painting
•Tomb of the Diver was discovered in 1968. Named after the poignant scene, of a lonely young man diving into a stream of water.
•VERY important to our understanding of Greek wall painting as it is the ONLY example of Greek painting with figured scenes dating from the Orientalizing, Archaic, or Classical periods to survive in its entirety.
•Among the thousands of Greek tombs known from this time (roughly 700–400 BC), this is the only one to have been decorated with frescoes of human subjects.
•The remaining four walls of the tombs are occupied by symposium related scenes,.
•All the five frescoes are visible in the local National Museum,
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The Parthenon, 437-432 B.C.
•First building Perikles commissioned.
•Dedicated to patron goddess, Athena.
•Doric temple.
•Architects known: IKTINOS and KALLIKRATES.
•Built partially on top of old temple ruins.
•Made entirely of Pentellic marble.
•Built to house the incredible ivory and gold cult statue of Athena, sculpted by PHEIDIAS (now lost).
•He probabaly also desgined the pediment sculpture (“The Elgin Marbles”) as well as the sculptured metopes and inner frieze.
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CLASSICAL SCUPTURE:
The Charioteer of Delphi, 478-474
•Masterpiece of Greek Sculpture. Dates to 478-474 B.C.
•Part of a chariot scene dedicated and brought to Delphi by winner of Chariot races at Olympic games, by a tyrant from Sicily!
•Bronze, with copper lips, silver headband, eyes inlaid with glass and stone.
•This charioteer stood in a four horse chariot led by a groom.
•Reins still exist too.
Now at Delphi Museum |
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