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ANS 3006
Intro to Animal Science Exam 1
146
Other
Undergraduate 3
02/01/2014

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Cards

Term
Bovine
Definition
Cattle
Term
Porcine
Definition
Swine
Term
Ovine
Definition
sheep
Term
caprine
Definition
goat
Term
Aves
Definition
poultry
Term
young female cattle (no progeny)
Definition
heifer
Term
mature female cattle (progeny)
Definition
cow
Term
Intact male young (before puberty) cattle
Definition
bull calf
Term
Intact male, mature (after puberty, developed secondary sex char) cattle
Definition
Bull
Term
Castrated young male, cattle
Definition
steer
Term
Baby (non-gender) cattle
Definition
calf
Term
Birth weight of cattle
Definition
60-90 lbs
Term
Weaning age of cattle
Definition
6-9 mos
Term
Market age and weight of cattle
Definition
1200 lbs, 15-18 mos
Term
Sexual maturity of cattle
Definition
10-18 mos
Term
Swine: female young (no progeny)
Definition
gilt
Term
Swine: mature young (progeny)
Definition
sow
Term
Swine: intact male, young (before puberty; ,6 mos of age)
Definition
boar pig
Term
Swine: intact male; developed secondary sex char
Definition
boar
Term
swine: castrated male
Definition
barrow
Term
Baby (non-gender); swine
Definition
piglet
Term
Swine: birth weight
Definition
2-5 lbs
Term
Swine: weaning age
Definition
2-5 weeks
Term
Swine: market weight and age
Definition
270 lbs, 5-7 mos
Term
Swine: sexual maturity age
Definition
6-9 mos
Term
Sheep: female, young (no progeny)
Definition
ewe lamb
Term
Sheep: female, mature (progeny)
Definition
ewe
Term
Sheep: intact male, young (before puberty; <6 mos of age)
Definition
ram lamb
Term
Sheep: intact male, mature (after puberty; developed secondary sex char)
Definition
ram
Term
Sheep: castrated male
Definition
wether
Term
Sheep: baby (non-gender)
Definition
lamb
Term
Sheep: birth weight
Definition
8-12 lbs
Term
Sheep: weaning age
Definition
60-90 days
Term
Sheep: market weight and age
Definition
130 lbs, 3-4 mos
Term
Sheep: sexual maturity age
Definition
6-12 mos
Term
Goat: female, young (no progeny)
Definition
doeling
Term
Goat: female, mature (progeny)
Definition
doe/nanny
Term
Goat: intact male, young (before puberty, <6 mos of age)
Definition
buckling
Term
Goat: intact male, mature (after puberty, developed secondary sex char)
Definition
buck
Term
Goat: castrated male
Definition
wether
Term
Goat: baby (non-gender)
Definition
kid
Term
Poultry: female, young chicken
Definition
pullet
Term
Poultry: female, mature chicken or turkey
Definition
hen
Term
Poultry: intact male, young chicken
Definition
cockerel
Term
Poultry: intact male, mature chicken
Definition
cock/rooster
Term
Poultry: intact male, mature turkey
Definition
tom/gobbler
Term
Poultry: castrated male, chicken
Definition
capon
Term
Poultry: baby (non-gender), chicken
Definition
chick
Term
Poultry: baby (non-gender), turkey
Definition
poult
Term
Meat: cattle over one year
Definition
beef
Term
Meat: from swine
Definition
pork
Term
Meat: from sheep less than 1 year
Definition
lamb
Term
meat: from chickens or turkeys
Definition
poultry
Term
meat: from horses
Definition
cheval
Term
meat: from young cattle
Definition
veal
Term
meat: from sheep over one year
Definition
mutton
Term
meat: from suckling goats
Definition
cabrito
Term
meat: from older goats
Definition
chevon
Term
group of cattle, swine, or goats
Definition
herd
Term
group of sheep or chickens
Definition
flock
Term
group of horses
Definition
band
Term
Contemporaries
Definition
group of animals of the same sex and similar breeding raised under similar enviro condns
Term
creep
Definition
provide nursing animals with a separate feed
Term
finishing
Definition
final feeding stage when animals are readied for market
Term
Cull
Definition
remove from herd
Term
feeder calf/pig
Definition
weaned and ready for finishing
Term
backfat
Definition
subcutaneous fat on an animal's back
Term
finish
Definition
degree of fatness of an animal
Term
marbling
Definition
intramuscular fat
Term
intensive
Definition
high inputs and management
Term
extensive
Definition
low inputs and management
Term
dry lot
Definition
confined area usually equipped with feed troughs, auto waterers, and shelter
Term
pasture
Definition
area devoted to grazing forage, usually planted grasses and legumes
Term
range
Definition
native vegetation, area usually not suited for growing crops
Term
morbidity
Definition
measurement of illness
Term
mortality
Definition
measurement of death
Term
withdrawal period
Definition
time before slaughter that a drug should NOT be administered or animal being treated should NOT be marketed
Term
cutability
Definition
fat, lean, and bone composition of meat animals
Term
eeviscerate
Definition
removal of the internal organs during harvesting process
Term
shrink
Definition
loss of weight, usually associated with transportation, stress, or processing
Term
pay weight
Definition
actual weight for which payment is made, typically shrunk weight
Term
cwt
Definition
hundredweight
Term
estrus
Definition
when female is in heat
Term
estrous cycle
Definition
period of time from one heat to the next (most livestock is 21 days)
Term
service
Definition
to breed or mate
Term
freemartin
Definition
female born twin to a bull (sterile)
Term
dystocia
Definition
difficult birth
Term
postpartum interval
Definition
time between birth and next conception
Term
calving interval
Definition
time between calves
Term
delivery of young:
bovine
swine
equine
ovine
caprine
Definition
calving
farrowing
foaling
lambing
kidding
Term
cycling
Definition
not bred and having normal estrous cycles
Term
springing
Definition
near delivery of offspring
Term
fill
Definition
contents of the digestive tract
Term
monogastric
Definition
animal with a simple stomach (1 compartment)
Term
ruminant
Definition
animal with a compartmentalized stomach
Term
cud
Definition
bolus of feed ruminant regurgitates for further chewing
Term
concentrate
Definition
feed high in energy
Term
roughage
Definition
feedstuff high in fiber
Term
stocking rate
Definition
number of animals/unit area
Term
grazing pressure
Definition
stress placed on plant population from grazing animals
Term
what does the stomach of a monogastric animal do?
Definition
storage compartment
physical breakdown of feed
chemical digsetion
Term
small intestine
Definition
chief site of food digestion and nutrient absorption
60 ft in length, 2.5 gal capacity
3 parts: duodenum, jejunum, & ileum
duodenum- location of bile and pancreatic secretions and main sort of breakdown, usually in loop, neutralization of chyme
jejunum- continuation of digestion, function to absorb end pdts of digestion
ileum- forms connection to large intestine, absorption too
Term
Large intestine
Definition
16 ft, 2.5 gal capacity
cecum and colon
role is to absorb water, act as reservoir for waste and feces, microbial fermentation
Term
what is the basis for most diets?
Definition
corn and soybean meal
Term
What are the 2 distinct biological processes of growth?
Definition
Hyperplasia- increase in cell number due to division and cell differentiation
Hypertrophy- increase in cell size, most occurs after birth
Term
true growth
Definition
structural tissues excluding fat
Term
How is growth measured? What are some characteristic weights?
Definition
weight through average daily gain (ADG)
Days to 260 (swine), weaning weight, yearling weight, live weight
Term
what is development
Definition
directive coordination of all diverse processes until maturity is reached
involves growth, cell differentiation, and changes in body shape
Term
Sequential pattern of growth
Definition
CNS
bones
tendons
muscles
internal fat
intermuscular fat
subcutaneous fat
intramuscular fat
Term
What comes out of the endoderm?
Definition
GI, repro, organs, lungs, bladder
Term
What comes out of the mesoderm?
Definition
muscle, fat, bone, connective tissue
Term
What comes out of the ectoderm?
Definition
skin, hair, sense organs, epithelial cells
Term
What are the numbers on the growth curve?
Definition
1. prenatal: develop organs/skeleton
2. rapid growth: muscle accumulates
3. fat begins: muscle slows down
4. fat: 95% of the inc body weight = fat
5. altering the curve
Term
what hormones control growth?
Definition
hypothalamus -> ant. pituitary -> growth hormone -> adipose tissue, muscle, bone, liver, IGF-1
Term
What does a small frame size mean?
Definition
fat deposition at lighter weights
Term
What is the ideal composition of muscle and fat?
Definition
65% muscle
23% fat
Term
Why do males grow faster?
Definition
anabolic androgens
Term
Are females lighter or heavier at market weight?
Definition
LIGHTER, 100-200 lbs lighter
EXCEPT swine
Term
what is compensatory gain?
Definition
restricting growth a little through nutrition/feed intake, then flush with nutrition, increase of gain
Term
What are the three missions of a land grant university system?
Definition
teaching, research, extension
Term
what is animal husbandry?
Definition
the ag practice of breeding and raising livestock
Term
What is livestock?
Definition
one or more DOMESTICATED animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, or labor
Term
what is animal science?
Definition
the collective study of domestic animals
includes:
-conception to death
-behavior management
-physiology to psychology
-repro to product distribution
Term
Who is the top meat producer in the world?
Definition
CHINA
Term
What is the top beef producer in the world?
Definition
USA
Term
Who is the top milk producer in the world?
Definition
INDIA
Term
Who is the top pork producer in the world?
Definition
China, also #1 meat produced
Term
Who is top poultry producer?
Definition
USA
Term
Who is the top egg producer in the world?
Definition
EGG
Term
What are short day breeders?
Definition
sexually active in fall or winter
Term
What are long day breeders?
Definition
sexually active in spring and summer
Term
What hormones can you use to manipulate estrous cycle?
Definition
PGF2alpha = regress CL
progesterone = give and take
GnRH = induces follicle turnover and ovulation
Term
What are the steps of parturition?
Definition
relaxation of cervix
offspring assume position of least resistance
uterine contractions
expel fetus
expel "afterbirth"
Signs of birth = vulva relaxes, milk test
Term
What is the role of the cervix?
Definition
facilitates sperm transport
serves as a sperm reservoir
barrier to uterus during pregnancy
Term
What is the role of the uterus?
Definition
site of embryo implantation
nutrient exchange
Term
What is the role of the ovaries?
Definition
produces ova in follicles
produces estrogen and progesterone
Term
What is the site of fertilization?
Definition
oviducts
Term
What is GnRH?
Definition
released from hypothalamus
causes release of FSH and LH
Term
What is FSH?
Definition
from the pituitary
stimulates follicular growth and development
Term
What is LH?
Definition
from the pituitary
causes ovulation
important for development and function of CL
Term
what is estrogen??
Definition
released from ovarian follicles
promotes growth and development of the uterus
responsible for estrus behavior
triggers LH release
Term
what is progesterone?
Definition
from the CL
negative feedback of GnRH
maintains pregnancy
Term
what are the 2 primary types of digestive tracts in food animals?
Definition
ruminant (poly gastric)
non ruminant (monogastric)
Term
What are 4 components of the ruminant's stomach?
Definition
rumen
reticulum
abomasum
omasum
Term
What are 4 types of digestion that occur which one only occurs in ruminants and hind gut fermenters
Definition
mastication
chemical digestion
enzymatic
microbial *
Term
What is a protein?
Definition
ends in meal!
like fish meal
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