Term
| organs of the digestive system are separated into two categories: |
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Definition
1) accessory digestive organs
2) organs of the alimentary canal |
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Term
| alimentary canal is also called |
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Definition
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Term
| alimentary canal (description) |
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Definition
| continuous muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus (contains skeletal/smooth muscle) |
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Term
| organs of the digestive tract |
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Definition
1) mouth
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) small intestine
6) large intestine |
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Term
| accessory digestive organs |
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Definition
1) teeth
2) tongue
3) gallbladder
4) digestive glands |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane which lines the walls and organs of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
| two portions of the peritoneum |
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Definition
1) visceral peritoneum
2) parietal peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| covers the external surface of the organs within the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| lines the internal surface of the walls of the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| space between the two layers of peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
| holds many organs of the abdominal cavity in place |
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Term
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Definition
| fused double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to a digestive organ |
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Term
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Definition
| lie against the posterior abdominal wall |
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Term
| associated structures of the oral cavity |
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Definition
1) lips
2) cheeks
3) palate
4) tongue
5) teeth
6) salivary glands |
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Term
| lips and cheeks are composed mainly of |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle: orbicularis oris (lips), buccinator (cheeks) |
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Term
| lips and cheeks are involved with |
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Definition
| processes of mastication and speech |
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Term
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Definition
1) hard palate
2) soft palate |
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Term
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Definition
| tongue forces food against hard palate during chewing |
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Term
| soft palate (composition) |
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Definition
| composed of skeletal muscle (closes of nasopharynx when swallowing) |
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Term
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Definition
| aids in chewing, swallowing, and speech |
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Term
| salivary glands (function) |
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Definition
| produce and secrete saliva |
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Term
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Definition
1) cleanses mouth
2) dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
3) contains salivary amylase (begins chemical breakdown of starchy foods) |
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Term
| 3 pairs of salivary glands |
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Definition
1) parotid
2) submandibular
3) sublingual |
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Term
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Definition
| one located anterior to each ear |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium |
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Term
| function of gastric glands |
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Definition
| release substances that chemically digest the food |
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Term
| location of gastric glands |
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Definition
| located in the lining of the stomach |
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Term
| lining of the internal surface of the stomach |
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Definition
| simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| tube-like structures formed by epithelium; openings for the gastric glands |
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Term
| function of gastric juice |
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Definition
| contain substances that aid in chemical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) mucous glands
2) parietal cells
3) chief cells
4) endocrine cells |
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Term
| small intestine (description) |
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Definition
| digestive organ where digestion is completed and nearly all absorption occurs |
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Term
| small intestine extends from |
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Definition
| stomach to large intestine |
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Term
| small intestine is divided into |
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Definition
1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| wraps around the head of the pancreas |
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Term
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Definition
| simple columnar epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
| glands which produce an alkaline substance that neutralizes acidic chyme |
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Term
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Definition
| middle portion of small intestine that extends from duodenum to ileum |
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Term
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Definition
| last portion of small intestine |
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Term
| modifications of the small intestine that increases surface area |
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Definition
1) overall length of small intestine
2) lining of small intestine is folded (circular folds) and has tiny fingerlike projections (villi)
3) cells contain microvilli |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd largest organ in the body; largest gland in body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) stores glucose as glycogen
2) takes waste products out of blood
3) hepatocytes of liver produce bile |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ducts associated with the liver |
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Definition
1) common hepatic duct
2) right/left hepatic ducts
3) cystic duct
4) common bile duct |
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Term
| function of common hepatic duct |
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Definition
| carries bile away from liver |
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Term
| common hepatic duct is formed by |
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Definition
| left and right hepatic ducts |
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Term
| common hepatic duct + cystic duct |
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Definition
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Term
| common bile duct + pancreatic duct |
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Definition
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Term
| hepatopancreatic duct drains via |
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Definition
| major duodenal papilla into the duodenum of the small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| abdomen partially behind the stomach |
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Term
| substances produced by endocrine portion of pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
| substances produced by the exocrine portion of the pancreas |
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Definition
1) enzymes that aid in digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine
2) HCO3 ions that neutralize acidic chyme in small intestine |
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Term
| exocrine pancreatic secretions exit pancreas via |
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Definition
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Term
| location of large intestine |
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Definition
| extends from small intestine to anus |
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Term
| functions of large intestine |
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Definition
1) absorption of water
2) elimination of waste products |
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Term
| divisions of large intestine |
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Definition
1) cecum
2) colon
3) rectum
4) anal canal |
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Term
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Definition
| first part of large intestine; joins with ileum of small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| plays a role in immunity, can collect bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of large intestine located between the sigmoid colon and anal canal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| last 2-3 cm of digestive tract; extends from rectum to anus |
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