PECTORALIS MINOR

Action: depression, protraction, downward rotation of the scapula AND elevation of the ribs

Origin: ribs 3-5

Insertion: coracoid process

Innervation: Medial Pectoral Nerve; C₈, T₁

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

Action: neck flexion and contralateral rotaion of the head

Origin: Clavicular head- sternal end of clavicle

Sternal head- Manubrium

Insertion: Mastoid process

Innervation: CN XI and C₂-C₃

PECTORALIS MAJOR

Action: flexion of the shoulder, adduction and internal rotation of the humerus

Origin: ribs 2-6, sternum, infero-medial portion of clavicle

Insertion: greater tubercle and lateral lip of bicipital groove

Innervation: Pectoral Nerve C₅-T₁

CORACOBRACHIALIS

Action: flexion of shoulder, adduction of humerus

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: medial margin of shaft of humerus

Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve C₅-C₇

ANTERIOR DELTOID

Action: abduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the humerus

Origin: clavicle and scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Innervation: Axillary nerve C₅-C₆

BICEPS BRACHII (short head)

Action: flexion at the elbow

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve C₅-C₆

BICEPS BRACHII (long head)

Action: flexion of the elbow and shoulder

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve C₅-C₆

BRACHIALIS

Action: flexion of elbow

Origin: anterior & distal portion of humerus

Insertion: ulnar tuberosity

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve C₅-C₆, Radial Nerve C₇-C₈

BRACHIORADIALIS

Action: flexion of the elbow

Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: styloid process of the radius

Innervation: Radial nerve C7-C8

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

Action: pronation of the forearm

Origin: antero-medial surface of distal ulna

Insertion: antero-lateral surface of distal radius

Innervation: Median nerve C8-T1

PRONATOR TERES

Action: pronation of the forearm and flexion of the elbow

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and coranoid process of the ulna

Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Innervation: Median Nerve C6-C7

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

Action: flexion and abduction of the wrist

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Innervation: Median nerve C6-C7

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Action: flexion of the wrist and elbow and adduction of the wrist

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: pisiform bone, hammate bone, and base  of the 5th metacarpal

Innervation: Ulnar nerve C8-T1

PALMARIS LONGUS

Action: flexion of the wrist

Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

Innervation: Median nerve C6-C7

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

Action: flexion of the wrist and digits 2-5

Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: mid portion of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Innervation: Median nerve C7-T1

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

Action: flexion of the wrist and digits 2-5

Origin: postero-medial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion: bases of the distal phalanges of 2-5

Innervation: palmer interosseous nerve, C8-T1

FLEXOR POLLICUS LONGUS

Action: flexion of the wrist and thumb, abduction of the wrist

Origin: anterior shaft of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: median nerve C8-T1

PIRIFORMIS

Action: lateral rotation and abduction of the hip

Origin: anterolateral surface of the sacrum

Insertion: greater trochanter

Innervation: Sacral nerve S1-S2

ADDUCTOR BREVIS

Action: adduction and flexion of the hip

Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve L3-L4

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

Action: adduction and flexion of the hip

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion: linea aspera of femur

Innervation: Obturator nerve L3-L4

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

Action: flexion of the hip

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle

Innervation: obturator nerve & sciatic nerves

PECTINEUS

Action: adduction, flexion, and internal rotation of the hip

Origin: superior ramus of pubis

Insertion: pectineal line

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4

GRACILIS

Action: flexion of knee, flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of hip

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis

Inerstion: inferior to medial condyle of tibia

Innervation: obturator nerve L3-L4

ILLIOPSOAS

Action: flexion at the hip

Origin: iliac fossa and transverse processes of T12-L5

Insertion: lesser trochanter

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4, and Lumbar plexus L2-L3

SARTORIUS

(hacky sack)

Action: flexion of the knee, external rotation and flexion of the hip

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: antero medial surface of tibia

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4

RECTUS FEMORIS

Action: flexion of hip and extension of knee

Origin: ASIS

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via patellar ligaments

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

Action: extension of the knee

Origin: anterolateral surface of femur & linea aspera

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4

VASTUS LATERALIS

Action: extension of the knee

Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4

VASTUS MEDIALIS

Action: extension of the knee

Origin: linea aspera

Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Innervation: femoral nerve L2-L4

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Action: dorsiflexion and inversion

Origin: lateral condyle of the tibia

Insertion: base of the 1st metatarsal and middle cuneiform

Innervation: deep fibular nerve L4-S1

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Action: dorsiflexion, eversion, extension of toes

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia & anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: dorsal surface of phalanges 2-5

Innervation: deep fibular nerve L4-S1

EXTENSOR HALLICUS LONGUS

Action: dorsiflexion, inversion, extension of hallicus

Origin: anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: dorsal surface of distal phalanx of great toe

Innervation: deep fibular nerve L4-S1

RECTUS ABDOMINUS

Action: lumbar flexion, posterior pelvic rotation, lateral flexion both sides

Origin: crest of pubis

Insertion: cartilage of 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process

Innervation: intercostal nerves T7-T12

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

Action: lumbar flexion, lateral flexion both sides, contralateral rotation of the spine

Origin: borders of lower 8 ribs at sides of chest

Insertion: aponeuroses from linea alba to iliac crest

Innervation: intercostal nerves T5-T12

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

Action: lumbar flexion, lateral flexion both sides, ipsilateral rotation of the spine

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia and iliac crest

Insertion: costal cartilage of the 8-10th ribs and linea alba

Innervation: Intercostal nerves T5-T12

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINALS

Action: forces expiration

Origin: iliac crest, costal cartilages of lower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: crest of pubis, and linea alba

Innervation: intercostal nerves T5-T12