Term
| Name 7 antibiotics that block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking |
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Definition
1. Penicillin 2. Nafcillin 3. Amoxicillin 4. Ticarcillin 5. Cephalosporin 6. Aztreonam 7. Imipenem |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of resistance of MRSA? |
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Definition
| Structural change in PBP site |
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Term
| Which beta lactams are penicillinase resistant? |
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Definition
Nafcillin/oxacillin because of R group (used for S. aureus) Aztreonam Imipenem |
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Term
| Why is cilastin administered with imipenem? |
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Definition
| Otherwise renal dihydropeptidase I in PT will degrade the antibiotic |
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Term
| Which antibiotics have cross-allergenicity with penicillin? |
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Definition
5-10% cephalosporins Imipenem NOT Aztreonam |
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Term
What are the non-beta lactam cell wall inhibitors? |
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Definition
1. Bacitracin 2. Cycloserine 3. Vancomycin |
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Term
What is vancomycin's mechanism of action? What is a common mechanism of resistance against vanco? |
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Definition
MOA: bind D-ala D-ala cell wall Resistance: mutate cell wall to be D-ala D-lac |
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Term
| What are the side effects of vancomycin? |
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Definition
Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Thrombophlebitis |
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Term
| What is red man syndrome and what antibiotic is it associated with? |
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Definition
Due to vancomycin Facial flushing and hypotension which can be avoided by pretreatment with anti-histamines and slow infusion rate |
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Term
| What antibiotics work at the 30s subunit? |
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Definition
1. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin) 2. Tetracyclines |
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Term
| What antibiotics work at the 50s subunit? |
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Definition
1. Chloramphenicol 2. Erythromycin (Macrolides) 3. Clindamycin 5. Lincomycin |
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Term
| What antibiotic inhibits the formation of the initiation complex and causes misreading of mRNA? |
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Definition
Aminoglycosides such as gentamicin Requires O2 for uptake Nephrotoxicity with cephs Ototoxicity with loop diuretics Teratogen |
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Term
| What anti-biotic binds to 30s and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA? |
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Definition
| Tetracyclines such as doxycycline |
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Term
| What antibiotic works by inhibiting the 50s peptidyltransferase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 serious side effects of chloramphenicol. |
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Definition
1. Anemia 2. Aplastic anemia 3. Gray baby syndrome in premature infants |
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Term
| What two antibiotics inhibit translocation? |
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Definition
1. Erythromycin (macrolides) 2. Clindamycin |
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Term
| What diuretics should be avoid in a sulfa allergy? |
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Definition
| Thiazide, loops, acetazolimide |
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Term
| What antibiotics work by inhibiting DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II which relieves supercoils)? |
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolones (ciproxfloxacin) |
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Term
| What antibiotics are associated with tendonitis and tendon rupture in kids? |
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) |
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Term
| What antibiotics are used for anaerobes above and below the diaphragm, respectively? |
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Definition
Upper body - Clindamycin Lower body - Metronidazole |
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Term
| What is the triple therapy for H. pylori? |
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Definition
1. Bismuth 2. Amoxicillin (or tetracycline) 3. Metronidazole |
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Term
What are the five drugs that should be given for TB? What is given for prophylaxis? |
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Definition
"INH-SPIRE" Isoniazid, Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin, Ethambutol Isoniazid (INH) is given for TB prophylaxis Rifamppin is given for meningitis prophylaxis |
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Term
| Vit B6 is given with which TB drug to prevent neurotoxicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| What TB drug is associated with red-green color blindness? |
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Definition
| Ethambutol: inhibitor of arabinosyl-transferase involved in mycobacterial cell wall |
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Term
What is Rifampin's mechanism of action? |
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Definition
Inhibits RNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Induces p450 and turns body fluids red/orange |
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Term
| What is a mechanism of resistance for macrolides and sulfonamides? |
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Definition
Macrolides - methylation of rRNA near erythmocyin's ribosome-binding site Sulfanomides - altered enzyme (decrease dihydropteroate synthetase) or increased PABA synthesis |
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Term
| What is amphotercin B and nystatin's mechanism of action? |
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Definition
| binds ergosterol and punches holes in membrane |
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Term
| What is the azole's mechanism of action? |
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Definition
| blocking lanosterol --> ergosterol thereby inhibiting ergosterol synthesis |
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Term
What anti-fungal interferes with microtubule function and disrupts mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
What anti-fungal inhibits squalene --> lanosterol in ergosterol synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is flucytosine's mechanism of action? |
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Definition
| Inhibits DNA synthesis by conversion to fluoruracil which competes with uracil |
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Term
| Which anti-fungal inhibits cell wall synthesis? |
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Definition
Caspofungin. Used for invasive aspergillosis. |
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Term
| What are important side effects of azoles? |
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Definition
1. p450 inhibitor 2. gynecomastia/hormone synthesis inhibition |
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Term
| What anti-viral blocks uncoating via an M2 protein? |
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Definition
Amantadine Use for influenza A, rubella and PD Gives ataxia |
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Term
Which anti-viral inhibits influenza neuraminidase, thereby decreasing release? |
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Definition
| Zanamivir, oseltamivir for influenza A and B |
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Term
| Which viral DNA polymerase inhibitor does NOT require activation by thymidine kinase? |
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Definition
Foscarnet used for CMV retinitis |
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Term
| Which anti-virals require are phosphorylated by viral kinase and inhibit DNA polymerase? |
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Definition
Acyclovir for HSV, VZV, EBV Ganciclovir for CMV |
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Term
| What anti-viral can be used for RSV, hep C and others? |
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Definition
| Ribavirin: inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides by inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase |
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Term
| What is the MOA of protease inhibitors? |
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Definition
Inhibit assembly of new virus by blocking protease in progeny virions Ending in -navir such as ritonavir |
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Term
| What is the MOA of reverse transcriptase inhibitors? |
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Definition
| Prevent incorporation of viral genome into host DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Fusion inhibitor tht binds gp41 |
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Term
| Which interferon can be given for chronic hep B or C? |
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Definition
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