Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits bacterial growth |
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Term
| Broad spectrum antibiotic |
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Definition
| active against wide variety of microbes |
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Term
|
Definition
some species are always resistant to antimicrobials
ex. Gram- and vancomycin |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria becomes resistant due to mutation in genes |
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Term
| three general mechanisms of resistance |
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Definition
1) altered uptake
2) inactivation
3) altered target |
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Term
| residues cross-linked in bacterial cell walls |
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Definition
| D-Ala/D-Ala residues and NH2 of another side chain |
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Term
| how many rings does a B-lactam have? |
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Definition
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Term
| major classes of B-lactam antimircrobials |
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Definition
1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems
4) Monobactams
5) Cephamycins
6) B-lactamase inhibitors |
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Term
| mechanism of B-lactam antimicrobials |
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Definition
inhibit transpeptidases and carboxypeptidases that catalyze cell-wall cross linking
resemble D-Ala D-Ala part of peptidoglycan |
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Term
| method of B-lactam action |
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Definition
| mostly bactericidal; uses bacterial autolysins to produce cell lysis |
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Term
| two resistance mechanisms to B-lactam antibiotics |
|
Definition
inactivation using B-lactamase in Gram +/-
altered target - alternation of penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes by mutation |
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Term
| 2 glycopeptide antimicrobials |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of glycopeptide antimicrobial action (vancomycin) |
|
Definition
Binds to D-ala-D-ala side chains of peptidoglycan and prevents cross-linking
Binds to substrate and prevents acces to cell wall biosynthesis material
Bacterialcidal |
|
|
Term
| mechanism of cycloserine action |
|
Definition
structural analog of D-ala
blocks alanine racemase and D-ala ligase
must penetrate cytoplasmic membrane
bacterialcidal |
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Term
|
Definition
| prevents recycling of undecaprenol carrier that transports peptidoglycan precursor from cytoplasmic side of membrane to outside of membrane |
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