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| Marxist term to describe class and other economic relations that define the “means of production” and the distribution of wealth and power. |
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| Among other things, a Marxist term to describe the capitalist class. |
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| A centrally planned and controlled economy. |
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| Theory developed by Marx and Engels that was adapted and used in such countries as China and the former Soviet Union. |
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| Marxist notion that all societies based on inequality have built-in flaws that will eventually lead to their destruction. |
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| In communist and other systems, the excessive adulation of a single leader. |
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| The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite. |
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| The belief that change occurs in dramatic bursts from one type of society to another. |
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| Under Gorbachev, Soviet policies that opened up the political system and allowed for freedom of expression. |
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| Marxist belief that the class divisions of a society determine everything else that matters. |
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| The philosophy adopted by ruling communist parties, which combined Marxist analysis with Leninist organizational structures and tactics. |
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| Marxist term designating the dominant way goods are created in a given society. |
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| The Soviet system of lists that facilitated the CPSU’s appointment of trusted people to key positions. Adopted by other communist regimes. |
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| The Hungarian transition occurred so smoothly in part because so many reform-minded Communists and opposition leaders cooperated with each other in this process. |
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| The notion that the CPSU and other ruling communist parties dominated their entire political systems. |
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| Ill-fated program to reform the Soviet economy in the late 1980s. |
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| Marxist term for the working class. |
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| The countries in eastern and central Europe that came under communist rule after World War II. |
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| Policies in formerly communist countries that envisage as rapid a shift to a market economy as possible. |
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| A variety of beliefs in the public ownership of the means of production and an egalitarian distribution of wealth and income. |
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| Marxist term for the government, religion, and other institutions whose primary role is to help support the dominance of the ruling class. |
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| Regime in which the state has all but total power. |
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