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| The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. |
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| The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words. |
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| A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art |
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| The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage |
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| A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. |
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| The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. |
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| the opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite |
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| A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb) |
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| A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. |
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| The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the the author's choice of objects that are described. Even such elements as a description of the weather can contribute to the atmosphere. Frequently atmosphere foreshadows events. Perhaps it can create a mood. |
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| A sub-type of parallelism, with the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences. MLK used anaphora in his famous "I have a Dream" speech. |
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