Term
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Definition
| Denies the government the right, without due process, to deprive people of life, liberty, and property. |
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Term
| Equal Protection of the law |
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Definition
| A standard of equal treatment that must be observed by the government. |
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Term
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Definition
| Court cases that apply Bill of Rights to states. |
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Term
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Definition
| Right of people to speak, publish, and assemble. |
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Term
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Definition
| People shall be free to exercise their religion, and government may not establish a religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| A censorship of a publication |
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Term
| Clear-and-Present-Danger test |
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Definition
| Law should not punish speech unless there was clear and present danger of producing harmful actions. |
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Term
| Gitlow v. New York (1925) |
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Definition
| Supreme Court Says the First Amendment applies to states. |
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Term
| Palko v. Connecticut (1937) |
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Definition
| Supreme Court says that states must observe all "fundamental" liberties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Writing that falsely injures another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| An act that conveys a political message. |
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Term
| Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) |
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Definition
| "Fighting words" are not protected by the First Amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Nazi Party may march through a largely Jewish neighborhood. |
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Term
| McConnell v. Federal Election Commission (2003) |
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Definition
| Upholds 2002 campaign finance reform law. |
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Term
| Miller v. California (1973) |
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Definition
| Obcenity defined as appealing to prurient interests of an average person with materials that lack literacy, artistic, political, or scientific value. |
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Term
| New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) |
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Definition
| To Libel a public figure, there must be "actual malice." |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that bans sending "indecent" material to minors over the internet is unconstatutuinal because "indecent" is too vague and broad a term. |
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Term
| Schneck v. United States (1919) |
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Definition
| Speech may be punished if it creates a clear-and-present-danger test of illegal acts. |
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Term
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Definition
| There may not be a law to ban flag-bruning. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Amendment requirement that law cannot prevent free exercise of religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| First Amendment ban on laws "respecting an establishment of religion." |
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Term
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Definition
| Court ruling that government cannot be involved with religion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| There may not be a prayer, even a nondenominational one, in public schools. |
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Term
| Everson v. Board of Education (1947) |
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Definition
| The wall-of-seperation principle is announced. |
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Term
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Definition
| Public schools may not have clergy lead prayers at graduation ceremonies. |
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Term
| Lemon v. Kurtzman, 402 U.S. 602 (1971) |
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Definition
| Three tests are described for deciding whether the government is improperly involved with religion. |
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Term
| Santa Fe Independant School District v. Doe (2000) |
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Definition
| Students may not lead prayers before the start of a football game at a public school. |
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Term
| Zelman v. Simmons-Harris, 536 U.S. 639 (2000) |
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Definition
| Voucher plan to pay school bills it upheld. |
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Term
| Zorauch v. Clauson (1952) |
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Definition
| States may allow students to be released from public schools to attend religious instruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A judge's order authorizing a search. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reasonable cause for issuing a search warrant or making an arrest; more than mere suspicion. |
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Term
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Definition
| An error in gathering evidence sufficiently minor that it may be used in trial. |
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