Forced Vital Capacity is the total amount of air moved in one breath from full inspiration to maximum expiration.

FVC = TV + IRV + ERV

it ranges between 4-5 L in healthy young men and 3-4L in healthy young women.

The volume of air that can be forcibly and maximally exhaled out of the lungs until no more can be expired after teh patient has taken in teh deepenst breath possible

Tidal Volume, describes air volume moved during either the inspiratory or expiratory phase of each breathing cycle. 

 Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

ERV = Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

FEV₁

Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, healthy individuals normally expel 85% of the VC in 1 second

Definition: The volume of air that an be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in th first second of a forced expiratory maneuver; FEV1 is expressed as liters

Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) 

Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) is the maximal volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled from the lungs over a sustained time. Typically MVV tests will last 12 – 15 seconds.

The values are then used to calculate the rate of airflow per minute (L ⋅ min-1).

Estimates breathing reserve during maximal exercise

MVV is a measure of the overall capacity of the respiratory system to move air. The measure depends on the strength of the respiratory muscles, compliance of the lung-thorax system

and the resistance of the airways.

Procedures

1. Participant attaches the nose clip and breathes normally for 2 to 3 seconds.

2. The technician instructs the participant to inhale and exhale deeply (30 – 50% of VC) as rapidly as

possible (> 100 breaths ⋅ min-1) for 12 – 15 seconds.

3. The participant should be specifically told to concentrate on inhaling and exhaling as fast as

possible and to keep going for the full duration of the test. The entire MVV test may last for 20

seconds, but the MVV is actually only recorded for 12 seconds.

4. At the conclusion of the test, the calculated MVV is displayed in L ⋅ min-1.

5. Repeat the test and record the highest MVV value obtained.

In some cases, it’s not possible or desirable to measure MVV. Instead, MVV can be estimated from

FEV1 using the following equation:

Estimated MVV (L ⋅ min-1) = (FEV1 * 37.5) + 15.8

FEV=4.0 L

FEV=5.0 L

Percent=80

Obstructive FEV and FVC

(e.g. bronchial asthma)

FEV= 1.3 L

FVC=3.1 L

Percent=42

Restrictive

(e.g. pulmonary fibrosis)

FEV=2.8 L

FVC=3.1L

Percent=90

The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed

RQ=VCO2/O2

VO2 Max END Test Criteria

(would need 3 of the following criteria)

-Subject exhaustion: Rate or Perceived Exhaustion (RPE)> 17

-VO2 Plateau

-Heart Rate Maximum greater or equal to predicted HR max (220-age +/- 10 bpm) or HR plateau

-Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) > 1.15 (RER=VCO2/VO2)

-Lactate > 8mmol-L--1

Peak is when there is no plateau, can be where there is a maximum test that is not finished.

Muscular fitness is the term used to describe overall ability on the continuum of muscular performance where strength and endurance represent the polar ends of this continuum.

From an assessment perspective, strength is the measurement of the maximal force capability of the muscle.

endurance is the measurement of the ability to continue performing a contraction at a submaximal level.

 Push-up Test Procedures for Measurement of Muscular Endurance 

• The test is administered with male subjects starting in the standard “down” position.  Hands 

should be pointing forward and under the shoulder with the back straight using the toes as the 

pivot point.  Female subjects start in the modified “knee push-up” position with legs together, 

lower legs in contact with the mat with ankles plantar flexed, back straight, hands shoulder 

width apart, head up and using the knees as the pivot point.  

• The subject must raise the body by straightening the elbows and return to the “down” position, 

until the chin touches the mat.  The person administering the test can also place their fist on 

the mat as a marker.  The stomach should not touch the mat.  

• For both men and women, the subject’s back must be straight at all times and the subject 

must push up to a straight arm position.  

• The maximal number of push-ups performed consecutively without rest is counted as the 

score.  

• The test is stopped when the client strains forcibly or is unable to maintain the appropriate 

technique within two repetitions.  

•Have the client stand for the test. Usually, this test is performed with each hand. The norms provided use a combined score for the right and left hands. The test can also be performed

with only the dominant hand.

•Adjust the grip bar so that the second joint of the finders will be bent to grip the handle of the dynamometer.

•Have the client hold the handgrip dynamometer parallel to the side of the body. The elbow should be flexed at 90 degrees. Make sure that the dynamometer is set to zero.

•The client should then squeeze the handgrip dynamometer as hard as possible without holding the breath (to avoid the Valsalva maneuver).

•The client may choose to extend the elbow, however, other body movements should be avoided.

•Record the handgrip strength in kilograms. Repeat this procedure using the opposite hand.

•Repeat the test two more times with each hand. Take the highest of the three readings for each hand and add these two values together 

The immediate and short-term energy systems predominantly power all-out exercise for up to 2-minutes. Both systems operate anaerobically. When movement begins, intramuscular highenergy

phosphates ATP and PCr provide immediate energy to power muscle action. Following the first few seconds of movement, glycolytic pathways generate an increasingly greater percentage of

energy for ATP resynthesis.

• Stand with feet together with dominant side next to the wall With dominant arm, reach as high as you can while keeping your feet flat on the floor.
• Chalk fingers on dominant side.
• Place palm flat against wall and measure the tip of the finger highest to the wall.
• Move feet to a comfortable jumping “take-off”position.
• Dig legs and hips and swing arms in preparation to the “push-off”for the jump.
• Jump! And while in the air reaching as high as possible swat the wall, leaving a chalk mark.
• Land with knees bent to absorb force.
• Repeat 3 times with ~20 to 30 seconds recovery between each trial.
• Record distance jumped for each trial to the nearest .5 inch.
• Score is the best of 3 trials.

To calculate mean power:

P (kgm/sec) = 2.21 x Bodyweight (kg) x the square root of (jump height –standing height)

Convert into Watss where 1 Watt=6.1 kgm/min; 1KM=0.1635

To Calculate relative power: Relative P (watts/kg)=Watts/Bodyweight (kg)

To determine appropriate resistance multiply bodyweight (kg) by 7.5%

Subject (PERSON 1) warms up at a low to moderate intensity for ~ 5 minutes with several sprints interspersed.

Subject (PERSON 1) gets off bike and walks around/stretches for 2 to 5 minutes.

Assessment team (PERSONS 2 –5) begin acceleration period.

5 –10 seconds at 20 to 50 rpm at 1/3 predetermined resistance.

2 –5 seconds at maximal rpm while ramping resistance with one hand and went pendulum reaches the goal resistance (PERSON 2) yells “Go!”

Subject (PERSON 1) begins all out pedaling for 30 seconds.

Timer (PERSON 3) starts stopwatch, calls out each 5 second interval (5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds…).

Counter (PERSON 4) counts the number of pedal revolutions per 5 second interval and yells out the number.

Recorder (PERSON 5) writes down the number of pedal revolutions per 5 seconds in the table below.

Subject (PERSON 1) cools down 2 to 3 minutes.

1 –5 sec 6 –10 sec 11 –15 sec 16 –20 sec 21 –25 sec 26 –30 sec Total

Resistance 7.5% x Bodyweight (kg) = ___________

1/3 Resistance = ____________

Calculations:

1. Resistance (Force) = Bodyweight (kg) x .075 = ________kp

Convert to Newtons *1 kp = 9.8 N

2. Peak Power = Force (N) x Max # Revolutions in 5 seconds x 6 meters/rev

5 seconds = _____________Watts (Nm ⋅s -1)

3. Relative Peak Power = Peak Power (Watts)/Weight (kg) = _____________ W ⋅kg -1

4. Mean Power (Anaerobic Capacity) = Force (N) x Total Revolutions

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) reflects the functional capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs and skeletal muscles to perform work. CRF is the ability to perform large-muscle, dynamic, moderate to high intensity exercise for prolonged periods.

Pre-Test Considerations

The person being tested should abstain from…

·       Eating within 4 hours of the test

·       Strenuous exercise within 24 hours of the test

·       Caffeine products within 12 to 24 hours of the test

·       Nicotine products within 3 hours of the test

·       Alcohol within 24 hours of the test

·       Also consider medications that may affect HR

Used by the US Navy to evaluate cardiovascular fitness

Goal = cover the distance as fast as possible

Based on assumption that more fit individual will be able to run a given distance in less time…

Purpose = measure cardiovascular endurance and estimate VO2max

Equipment: quarter-mile track, stopwatch, HR monitor (optional)

Procedure =

Explain purpose to subject

Record subject’s weight in kg

2-3 min warm-up

Record subject’s time to run 1.5 miles (6 laps)

Encourage 3-5 min cool down/stretch

Continue to observe subject in case negative symptoms

VO2max = 88.02 – (0.1656 x WEIGHT (kg)) – (2.76 x TIME (min to the nearest 100th) + 3.716 x SEX*)

* 1 for males, 0 for females

Limitations

Finding the field

Wind/Temperature/Other weather related factors

HR monitor

Relationship between distance runs and VO2max has not been firmly established (Heyward p.93)

12-Minute Swim Test

Swim Test: Swim for as many laps as you can for 12 minutes. Any recognized stroke can be used. Rest as necessary, but try for a

maximum effort. Test administrator records laps and calls out time on a regular interval.

• Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test

• 6-Minute Walk Test

Participants need to finish in the category "fair" or higher.

DISTANCE in YARDS SWUM

< means "less than"; > means "more than".

Objective: to cover as much distance as possible in 12 minutes.

Population: healthy adults (not sedentary; not athletes)

Description:

·       Take a flat course with measured distance so that the distance can be easily and correctly measured.

·       Instruct the person to run as fast as possible; walking is allowed.

·       At the end of the test, calculate the total distance covered in meters and use the appropriate equation to estimate VO2max.

Roles necessary to perform the test

Person to monitor time

Person to calculate distance covered in 12 minutes

Predictive Equation

VO2max = (35.97 x miles) - 11.29.

Difficulties

Measuring the exact distance for which we used a GPS.