• A person's daily sleep and wakefullness cycle. The "biological clock"
• A the high point in the circadian rhythm, the body temperature is up, cortisol is high (speeds up metabolism and increases blood sugar), and the senses are at their peak
• A the low point, the body temperature is low, cortisol is low, and senses are duller

• "Tiime givers"
• Resets the biological clock
• i.e.Sunlight

• Transitioning between awake and real sleep
• Theta waves relatively small and irregular
• 5-10 minutes

• Sleep spindles present (short bursts of activity two to five times per minute, larger theta waves)
• Muscle tension decreases
• K complexes: sudden sharp waves to help keep us falling asleep
• Lasts 10 minutes

• Slow wave sleep
• Delta waves <50%

• Deepest sleep
• Delata waves >50%
• Stage 1-4 sleep lasts 30-45 minutes
• Goes back through to stage one, another 30-45 minutes pass

• Rapid Eye Movement
• State where dreaming occurs
• Atonia: limited muscle paralysis
• Beta waves, respiration, heart rate, etc. similar to waking state
• 4-6 episodes in normal sleep, the last one up to 30 minutes long
• Helps replenish neruotransmitters and neurohormones
• Brain developtment
• Amount decreases with age

• Going several hours/days without sleep
• can lead to hallucinations, loss of strength, loss of coordination,
• loss of ability to regulate body temperature, decrease in memory and concentration

• Dreams are repressed desires and provide access to the unconscious is symbolic form
• Sexual and aggressive impulses disguised in dreams
• First modern theory in dream psychology

• A heightened state of suggestibility
• Characteristics of thsoe able to place themselves in a hypnotic state:
  
  1. Active imaginations
  2. Strong ability to concentrate
  3. Think favorably of hypnosis
  4. Willingness to be hypnotized

The first widespread hypnotist

"Mesmerized" 

• Splitting off mental processes into two separate silmultaneous streams of consciousness
• Splt central control of thought processes and behaviors

• Subject engaged in conversation with hypnotist while concurrently writing
• Subject is unaware of writing

• People realize they weren't paying attention to driving but managed to stay on the road
• Proof of dissociation theory

• Hypnotized subjects behave as if reliving childhood experiences.
• Implanted memories

• In some cases used on those who allergic to general anesthesia
• Only used on those who have very good concentration

• A group of techniques that attempt to focus on attention and promote relaxation
• Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen consumption decrease
• Body temperature, muscle relatzation and alpha waves increase

• Subject focuses all attention on one thing (i.e. object or sound) while sitting back and breathing deeply
• Goal is to become nonresponsive to the environment

• Active in the brain and alter consciousness
• Used for recreation

• Directly linked to feelings of pleasure
• It is possible to destroy/severely lower the ability to produce dopamine due to drug use

• Depress functioning of CNS
• Includes alcohol, tranquilizers and barbituates
• Main effects: mild euphoria, relaxation, lowered inhibitions
• Side effects: impaired coordination, emotional swings, lethargy, sleepiness, impaired reflexes, death
• Hgh psychological and physical addiction

• Increase functioning of CNS
• Caffiene, Cocaine, Ampetamines, Meth
• Side effects: Increased pule, blood pressure and agressiveness, insomnia

• increases wakefullness and metabolism, decreases reaction times
• Moderate physical and psychological addiction
• Withdrawal symptoms: headache and depression

• Increases euphoria, excitement and metabolism
• High phsycial and psycholigical addiction
• Withdrawal symptoms: fatigue, increasedsleep, depression, irritability, increased appetite

• Increased energyy and excitement, decreased fatigue and appetite
• Moderate physical and high psychological addiction
• Withdrawal symptoms: Fatigue, increased sleep and appetite, depression, irritability
• Used to treat hyperactivity and narcolepsy

• Made of chemicals that are toxic
• Open sores from sweating acids, destroys cartilage, bad gums and teeth
• Extremely high physical and psychological addiction, nothing else like it
• Same withdrawal symptoms as amphetamines

• alter perceptions of reality
• Includes LSD, MDMA (2-CB) aka ecstacy, marijauana, PCP (Angel Dust)
• Withdrawal symptoms: Anxiety, trouble sleeping, hyperactivity, decreased appetite

• Induces mild euphoria, decrease attention
• Side effects: Panic reactions, anxiety, paranoia, jumbled thought processes
• Low psychological and physical addiction

• Increases serotonin and sensitivity of sens organs
• Side effects: Increased energy, pulse, blood pressure, temperature (100-106 degrees), teeth grinding, schizophrenia-type behavior
• High psychological and physical addiction

• Depressant in low doses, stimulant in high doses, and hallucinogen in very high doses
• Side effects: dry mought, blood-shot eyes, decreased coordination and memory, increased anxiety
• Moderate psycholigical addiction and low physical addiction
• Used to treat glaucoma, reduces nausea

• Pain killer, loos of contact with reality, increased agression
• Side effects: Violent and bizarre behavior
• High psychological addiction, physical addiction unknown.