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| A region controlled exclusively by a city. |
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| wedge-shaped. A writing system most likely developed by the Sumerians around last centuries of the 4th millenium BCE. |
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a small, barrel shaped stone object engraved with a design, scene, or inscription, which was impressed onto clay when the seal was rolled.
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| Fifth king of Uruk, known as the hero of the famous epic collection of mythical stories. |
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| A composition that is symmetrical on either side of a central figure. |
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A ruler (ensi) of the city of Lagash (southern Mesopotamia).
Ruled from 2144-2124 BCE |
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| Sixth king of Babylon, most famous for his law code (Hammurabi's Law Code). |
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| Ancient Mesopotamian king (2334-2279 BCE). Conquerored all of Mesopotamia, parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam. |
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| a stronghold or fortified place. |
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| Persian Empire. Ended with the defeat of Darius III by Alexander the Great. Ruled over Macedon and Thrace to the northeast and the Indus valley to the east. Eventually controlled Egypt. |
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| the simplest form of vault. A continous arch. |
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| A large, vaulted hall having one side open to a court. Most common in Parthian, Sussian and Muslim cultures. |
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| A design raised in relief on a metal surface, also the process of hammering to achieve it. |
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| Sasanian Empire, known to its inhabitants as Eranshahr. It was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, from 224-651 AD. Last king was Yazdagird III. |
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