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| written while in prison. It explains the ideology of nazism including a final solution to the jewish question and germany needs living space: theres gonna be war |
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| written in 1948. A warning against the power of totalitarian governments, and a veiled attack on Stalinist soviet union. "Big brother is watching" |
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The Second Sex
by Simone de Beauvoir |
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| One of the most important texts of modern day feminism. She argued that women are taught from infantry that women are inferior to men. |
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The Descent Of Man
by Darwin |
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Definition
| Sequal to the origin of Species, he clearly states now that man is subject to evolution and survival of the fittest, one of the most contriversial books ever. |
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White Man's Burden
by Kipling |
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Definition
| a poem that captures the mood of an age, Europeans thought they had an obligation to civilize people of color, used to justify imperialism. |
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Interpretation of Dreams
by Freud |
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Definition
| he believed that dreams were the window into the subconscience, he believed the mind was divided into id, ego, superego. |
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Ode of a Greacian Urn
by Keats |
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Definition
| a romantic poem that is based on the images of an ancient greek vase, "beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all ye know on earth and all ye need to know" |
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| a poem that captures the excitement at the start of ww1 |
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Dulce et Decorem Est
by Owen |
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| one of the most important anti-war poems ever written. it describes a poisen gas attack, the title comes from a roman proverb meaning it is sweet and fitting to die for ones nation |
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Decline of the West
by Spangler |
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| he argued that europe had lost its hardness and was becoming soft and weak; and the only way for europe to survive was by becoming hard again, very influential on Hitler |
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The Economic Consequences of the Peace
by Keyhes |
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| He argued that the reparations forced on Germany by versailles would condemn europe to another war |
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All Quiet on the Western Front
by Remarque |
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Definition
| His searing description of the brutal and senseless nature of ww1 trench warfare. |
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Ten Days That Shook The World
by Reed |
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Definition
| He was and american newspaper man and communist. He described the excitement and hope of the Bolshevik October Revolution. |
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Term
Essays on the Principles of Population
by Malthus |
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Definition
| Essay about over population, he believed that the population was growing too fast for the earth to feed it "starvation is inevitable" |
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Essay on the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
by Ricardo |
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Definition
economics essay that argues labor is subject to the law of supply and demand
"iron law of wages" |
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Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Population in Britain
by Chadwick |
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Definition
| engineering text that designs the first modern sewer system making city living possible. |
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Conditions of the Working Class in England
by Engel |
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Definition
| social critique about the misery of the lives of the urban working poor |
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What is Property?
by Proudhon |
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Definition
| he meant property to mean profit, he said profit means theft; he claimed that business people got rich off of other peoples labor |
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the Communist Manifesto
by Marx and Engel |
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Definition
| the Bible of communism, the ideology of communism is explained including class struggle, violent revolution, and dictatorship of the proletariat |
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Definition
| economics text that explains how a communist economy would function |
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the Book of Household Management
by Beeton |
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Definition
| a guide to a well run middle-class, victorian home, the guide to home economics |
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The Charge of the Light Brigade
by Tennyson |
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Definition
| an epic poem that celebrates the courage of the common soldier and codemns the inept and incompetent commanders who lead them, it leads to reforms |
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Definition
| newspaper expose that laid the arguement the Dreyfus was innocent and wrongfully convicted, it lead to his release |
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The Wealth of Nations
by Smith |
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Definition
| Probably the single most important economics text ever written. he argued against merchantilism and in favor of supply and demand capitalism. He said that government should maintain a hands off attitude towards the economy |
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Term
The Laws of Peace and War
by Grotius |
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Definition
| first major book of international law, in it he argued that nations were governed by the same laws as people. 3 mile limit |
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Gulliver's Travels
by Swift |
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Definition
| masterpiece of 18th century satire that mocked english society |
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What is The Third Estate?
by Abbe Sieyes |
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Definition
| a pamphlet that inspired people to see the changes possible in the french revolution |
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Term
The Declaration of the Rights of Women
by Olympe de Gouge |
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Definition
| its the first ever demand of equal rights for women; she argued that the women had the same responsibilities as men therefore they deserve the same rights |
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Vindication of the Right of Women
by Mary Wallstonecraft |
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Definition
| it is and english echo of de gouges arguements of the rights of women |
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Reflections on the Revolution in France
by Burke |
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Definition
| condemnation of the french revolution; first book of modern conservatism |
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Rational of Punishment and Rewards
by Bentham |
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Definition
| he designed a modern prison; he advocated rewarding desirable behavior and punishing undesirable behavior |
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Definition
| political essay that describes liberalism, government powers should be limiting to protecting freedom, business contracts, law and order |
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Definition
| a description of the absolute divine right monarchial state, he argued that the king should have total control because god chose him |
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Definition
| first work to describe the social contract, the contract could not be revoked |
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Of Civil Government
by Locke |
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Definition
| his version of the social contract, said that the contract could be broken "right to revolt" |
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Trues Laws
by King James 1 |
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Definition
| an echo of the Republic, he uses the bible to justify absolutism |
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Definition
| a satircal work that mocked the optimistic views of the day and the belief of a loving god, Dr. Ponploss |
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Letters on the English
by Voltaire |
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Definition
| it is a love letter to England during an exile from France. He compared the freedom of england to the repression of france. |
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The Spirit Of Laws
by Montesquieu |
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Definition
| influential political work that advanced the seperation of political powers into different branches of government. influenced the US constitution |
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The Social Contract
by Rousseau |
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Definition
| Revolutionary work that opposed heriditary monarchy and argued that man is happiest in its natural state and that civilization is corrupting, he favored general will |
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Definition
| a compendium of all human knowledge to be at your quick access. first was focused on philosophy and science |
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Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
by Gibbon |
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Definition
| First modern history book based on empirical data, not simply legends or myths. |
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On the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies
by Copernicus |
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Definition
| First scientific text to argue that the sun is the center of the universe; published at his death bed. |
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Definition
| Work that introduced the concept of the elliptical orbit, proved the heliocentric theory using math |
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Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
by Galileo |
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Definition
| discussion comparing the helio- and geo- centric theories without opinion |
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Definition
| Summation of his work with astronomy, universal science, theory of gravity, and integral calculus |
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Definition
| Described his work with light, white light through the prism and created the spectrum |
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On the Structure of Human Body
by Vesalius |
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Definition
| First work of published anatomical drawings since antiquity |
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On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
by Harvey |
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Definition
| Description of the circulatory system |
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Inquiry into the Cause and Effect of Vaccine
by Jenner |
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Definition
| a description of his research into cowpox and the benefits of inoculation |
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Inquiry into the Cause and Effect of Vaccine
by Jenner |
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Definition
| a description of his research into cowpox and the benefits of inoculation |
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Definition
| a philosophical text in which he explains his demand that all knowledge be based on empirical data, scientific method |
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Discourse on Method
by Descartes |
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Definition
| summation of his philosophy that all knowledge begin with doubt "i think therefore i am" |
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Definition
| description of a perfect world where all people treat each other with the christian kindness |
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Definition
| his arguements against the sale of indulgences, written in latin |
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Definition
| his response to Luther's 95 Theses, its a flaw |
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Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants
by Luther |
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Definition
| his condemnation of social revolution; opposed the peasants revolt in 1525 |
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The Institutes of the Christian Religion
by Calvin |
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Definition
| his description of the reformed religion; the key idea is the doctrine of elect (predestination) |
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In Defense of the Seven Sacraments
by Henry VIII |
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Definition
| pro-catholic work work where he condemned Luther and the reformed religion |
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Term
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Definition
| a compilation of English prayers used by the church of england |
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The Way of Perfection
by St. Theresa |
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Definition
| a catholic devotional, where she said everyone has a path to sainthood |
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The Spiritual Exercises
by St. Ignatius of Loyola |
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Definition
| a catholic devotional, where he described things that you could do to grow stronger in your faith |
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Term
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Definition
| a compilation of books that catholics were forbidden to read |
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The Paradise Lost
by Milton |
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Definition
| Masterpiece of baroque literature, it describes a battle of right and wrong in heaven |
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The Canterbury Tales
by Chaucer |
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Definition
| First significant work written in English vernacular, it describes a group of pilgrims traveling |
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On the Origin of Species
by Darwin |
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Definition
| Revolutionary scientific text that changes how science views the origin of life |
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The Divine Comedy
by Dante |
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Definition
| a trilogy that examines the fate that awaits the soul after death, inferno, paradiso, purgatorio. |
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The Decameron
by Boccaccio |
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Definition
| A story of a group of friends trying to hide from death. A series of 100 stories told by the 10 friends |
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Autobiography of Benvenito Cellini
by Cellini |
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Definition
| Literary work that captures the new spirit of the individual "man can do all things" |
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The Courtier
by Castiglione |
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Definition
| a book of renaissance etiquette, the perfect man is the "renaissance man" |
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Definition
| First major book of political science. argued that the ruler served the state not the other way around "the ends justify the means" |
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Definition
| Ancient, medieval, Latin version of the catholic Bible |
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In Praise of Folly
by Erasmus |
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Definition
| Most important work of Christian humanism. It is a satire in which he mocks clearly logical things, and praises clearly foolish ones |
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Term
Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism
by Lenin |
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Definition
| Explanation for why there hadnt been a communist revolution in germany or britain, also argued that marx underestimated the revolution potential of peasantry |
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Term
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Definition
| french romanticism; people doing their duty |
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