Term
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Definition
| a loss or impairment in the ability to produce written language due to brain pathology |
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Term
| there can be ________ and ________ defects |
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Definition
| linguistic (aphasic agraphias) and non-linguistic (motor or spacial) |
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Term
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Definition
| introduced the term agraphia |
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Term
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Definition
| proposed a "writing area" of the brain; thought it had to do with damage affecting the motor area (hand) |
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Definition
| described alexia without agraphia; biggest contributer to reading and writing |
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Definition
| Proposed that agraphia can appear with acalculia, right-left disorientation, and finger agnosia in a single syndrome |
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Term
| agraphia in broca's aphasia |
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Definition
| sparse output, effortful, clumsy calligraphy, literal paragraphias, agrammatisms (just like the speech - dysprosody, poor artic, short sentences, etc.) |
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Term
| disorders in writing are correlated with |
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Definition
| the fundamental linguistic defect; literal paragraphias due to anticipations, perseverations, and letter omissions; writing is slow, clumsy, painstaking, short, and agrammatic |
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Term
| additionally in broca's.. the patient also presents with a |
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Definition
| right hemiparesis; this means pt has to use the non-preferred hand |
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Term
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Definition
| impairment in writing ability characterized by fluent writing, well formed letters, combined in an inappropriate way; literal paragraphias ( omissions, substitutions, additions) verbal and neologistic paragraphias are also found; written language is parallel with spoken language abilities/characteristics; paragrammatisms, paragraphias |
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Term
| in conduction aphasia, the severity of agraphia is: |
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Definition
| variable; it's an aferent motor agraphia (Luria), literal paragraphias, self-corrections, apraxic agraphia |
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Term
| in conduction aphasia agraphia: |
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Definition
| spontaneous writing is better than writing on command; literal paragraphias in complex phonological sequences, low-freq. words, and pseudo words. pt knows word is misspelled but when attempting to correct it, they make other errors (many corrections) |
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Term
| other characteristics of conduction agraphia |
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Definition
| pt might know the word and say it to themselves but can't remember how to write it; writing is slow; sometimes ideomotor apraxia is found |
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Term
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Definition
| severe defects in writing |
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Term
| mixed extrasylvian aphasia leads to: |
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Definition
| severe writing defects but some ability to copy |
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Term
| extrasylvian sensory aphasia leads to: |
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Definition
| verbal paragraphias, writing defect is variable depending on the extension of the lesion on the parietal lobe |
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Term
| extrasylvian motor aphasia: |
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Definition
| inability to write, can read tho |
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Term
| Motor agraphia: Paretic agraphia - due to damage |
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Definition
| in upper or lower motor neurons... large poorly formed letters.. |
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Term
| Motor agraphia: Hypokinetic agraphia |
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Definition
| Parkinson's disease; resting tremor; micrographia |
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Term
| Motor: Hyperkinetic Agraphia |
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Definition
| Huntington's disease; chorea; cerebellar ataxic agraphia |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbance associated with people writing for a very long time for many years.. |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to form graphemes; apraxia for holding pencil, for writing texts, for writing letters... |
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Term
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Definition
| have been considered a non aphasic writing disorder resulting from visuospatial defects that impair orientation and correct sequencing in writing; results from a lesion in the non-language hemisphere |
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Term
| spatial agraphia characteristics: |
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Definition
| some graphemes are produced frequently with one or more extra strokes; the lines of writing are not horizontal but slant twd the corner of the page at different inclinations; writing is only on the right side of the paper; spaces are made in between the letters of the words |
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Term
| spatial agraphia is a consequence of: |
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Definition
| left hemi spatial neglect; constructional difficulties in writing; general spatial defects; some motor disautomatization and tendency to perseverate |
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Term
| spatial agraphia is usually associated with: |
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Definition
| spatial alexia, spatial acalculia, hemi-spatial neglect, and general spatial difficulties, |
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Term
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Definition
| split brain syndrome - cutting corpus callosum - inability to write using the left hand |
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Term
| prefrontal writing disturbances |
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Definition
| agraphia without alexia; dysexecutive agraphia |
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Term
| agraphia in confusional states |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| affect one or more processes involved in writing are affected, spelling of familiar and unfamiliar words; affect spelling in all ways: handwriting, typing, and oral spelling; 3 types: phonological, lexical, deep |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to spell words (familiar and unfamiliar) but unable to spell non-words; good performance in legit weird spelled words with low frequency; striking inability to write legitimate pseudowords in dictation; spelling errors observed in these pts are not usually phonologically correct but may present a high degree of visual similitude with target word |
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Term
| lexical (surface) agraphia |
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Definition
| disorder is characterized by difficulties with spelling irregular and ambiguous words with a preserved ability to spell regular words; the ability to write decreases as the orthographic complexity of the word increases; word frequency plays a decisive role; dysorthography in spanish (direct route impaired, indirect route intact) |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to spell non words and function words; better spelling of highly imagineable nouns than unimaginible nouns; semantic paragraphias. also associated with phonological agraphia; extensive lesions at supramarginal gyrus and insula |
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Term
| peripheral agraphias (dysgraphias) |
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Definition
| only affect one spelling modality; usually good oral spelling with difficulties in writing; |
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Term
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Definition
| main defect is inability to implement the peripheral motor processes; spelling is good but letters are deformed |
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