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Definition
Broad term.
Any modification of the human body for any reason
Diet:
texture: shaving, facial hair
odor: prefume, bathing soaps
color: Tanning, hair color, makeup
deformation (permanant molding or shaping of the body: corsets, feet binding, rings on neck) |
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| emphasizes decorative dress (modifications for aesthetic or beauty reasons) |
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| How are dress, clothing and adornment interrelated? |
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| It builds up to your appearance |
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| includes physical features of body and dress |
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| Multi-disciplinary Approach to Dress |
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| No one field of knowledge or discipline can full explain the importance of dress in people's lives |
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| What are the examples of the Multi-disciplinary approach to dress? |
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Anthropology
Psychology
Sociology |
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| cross-cultural comparisons of primitive society have brought an understanding of many o |
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Study of individual behavior
--clothing is both a stimulus and a response
--people perceive clothing stimulus in different ways and interpret the meaning according to the associations they make with it over time (dress manipulation)
--Clothing is important to the concept of self and development of personality |
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Study of human behavior in groups
--clothing is a symbol of the individual's role and status in society and it provides rewards of recognition, approval, and identification for the wearer. |
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| Clothing is both a _______ and a ________. |
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| People ______ clothing stimulus in different ways and _______ the meaning according to the associations they make with it over time (dress manipulation) |
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| Clothing is important to the concept of _________________________. |
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| Self and development of personality |
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| Clothing is a symbol of the individual's role and status in society and it provides rewards of _______________________________ for the wearer. |
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Definition
| recognition, approval, and identification |
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Term
| What is the Social-Psychology of clothing? |
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Definition
it is concerned with the role that clothes and other aspects of appearance play in people's everyday interactions with one another.
-Development of interest in the area of Soc-Psych of clothing adornment began in the 19th century. |
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| When did development of interest in the area of Soc-Psych of clothing adornment begin? |
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| What are the three major reasons Soc-Psych of clothing developed? |
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Definition
Women's Dress Reform Movement (1850's)
Democratization of Fashion (1850's)
Interest in Sexuality (1900's) |
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| What are some characteristics of the Women's Dress Reform Movement? |
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Definition
-Rejection of confining clothing for women- (era of corsets and crinolines)
-Corsets were unhealthy to wear- women suffered from imparied circulation and breathing as well as miscarriages and liver and kidney problems
-Outcome was "bloomers" which caused so much controversy that people began to realize that clothing had some social significance. |
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| What are some characteristics of Democratization of Fashion? |
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Definition
-Fashion available to many economic levels/ aided by the Industrial Revolution- sewing machines, patterns, mass production of clothing
-Previously fashion was only available to the wealthy
-Sociologists began to study the relationship between patterns of style adoption and societal class structure. |
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| Describe some characteristics of Interest in Sexuality |
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Definition
-Psychologist such as Freud became interested in the "process" of sexual attraction
-The importance of clothing symbolism in this process emerged (shifting erogenous zones) |
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| What are some questions you ask yourself about your personal philosophy of dress? |
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Definition
-How do you feel about clothes? Are they important?
-What guides you in selecting or rejecting particular styles?
-How do you feel about the ever changing fashions? |
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Term
| Dress as Non-Verbal Communication |
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Definition
| Provides information during impression formation |
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| Dress as Non-verbal communication With Strangers (Appearance Stage) |
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Definition
-Provides easily available information
-research shows that people form an impression in a few seconds to 4 minutes
-Who the person is, what they think, feel, and do |
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| One thing is good so you think other things about them must be good too |
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| People tend to not see beyond something about a person (handicap, etc.) |
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| Dress as Non-Verbal Communication with Acquaintances (Discourse Stage) |
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-Dress less informative
-More concerned about what they think or how they feel |
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Definition
Can be communicated through 5 channels
-Visial
-Tactile
-Olfactory (smell)
-Sound
-Taste- flavored lip gloss, etc.
Are often sent unconsciously
Create shared understanding of meanings
Context affects meaning |
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| examples of Dress signs and Symbols that are often sent unconsciously |
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Uniforms in public
Overwhelming scents |
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| Clothing signs and symbols: Create shared understanding of meanings |
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Definition
-Feelback often subtle
-Changes over time
-May vary among groups |
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| Clothing signs and symbols: Context affects meaning |
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Definition
-Who's wearing garment (age, shape, attractiveness)
-how it's worn
where it's worn (social situation)
culture
time (when it's worn) |
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Definition
Interaction of 2 or more people
Send and receive messages
Feedback loops
Create shared meanings
Use of signs and symbols
*** verbal communication includes spoken and written |
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| Non-Verbal Communication involves: |
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Definition
Dress
Body Movement (kinetics)
Touching (haptics)
Distance (proxemics)
Facial Expressions |
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| Dress as a Non-Verbal Language |
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Definition
-Dress is a systematic (orderly) "language
-Dress is a complex or more complex than verbal language (multi-message)
Bits of information are put together according to the rules or "grammar" of dress (norms)
-Fashion (time) and aesthetics (elements and principles of design) are part of the rule system
-Some are more skilled at learning dress grammar than others |
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| Today, where does focus shift to in regards to Physical attractiveness in america? |
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Definition
body, physical characteristics, and modifications to the body
because.. how an individual preceives their body relates to how they clothe it |
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Term
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Definition
| mental picture one has of his/her body |
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| Accuracy with body image varies with: |
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Definition
-Symbolic interaction-reaction of people around you
-Dress may alter perception
-Emotional disturbances (anorexia)
-Change in size-use clothes as measuring tapes (might lose a lot of weight and you can see it but your mind's body image doesn't catch up)
-Age, sex-Differences in male and female interpretations |
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Definition
| Degree of satisfaction with one's own body and component parts |
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| "Ideal" body for is ever _____. |
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Definition
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| It is important to remember that "body form variation is ______" |
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| What are the body form types? (Somatotypes) |
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-Ectomorph
-Mesomorph
-Endomorph |
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| Method for classifying body form (Sheldon, 1940) |
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| long, thin bones with little muscle or fat |
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| wide, thick bones, very muscular |
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| predominance of fat, soft, round body parts |
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| There are narrow/broad cultural norms of beauty? |
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| Within a culture: current ideal |
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Changes over time
children learn the current cultural norm by age 8 or younger
Developer of Barbie doll concerned that current emphasis on thinness may be tied with playing with Barbie |
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| Apparel industry caters to the "___________" body as they define it |
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Definition
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| The "average size" body affets estimation of self in which ways |
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Definition
| Make people feel too short or tall, too thin or too fat |
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| Vertically well proportioned bodies can be divided into 4 parts |
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Definition
-bottom of foot to knee
-Knee to hip
-Hip to unerarm
-Unerarm to top of head |
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Head-length compared to body height must be in proporation (consider toddlers) divide height by head-length
--average mean and women will be 7-7 1/2 head lengths tall
--fashion models are often 8 head lengths tall |
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| Research Related to attractiveness |
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| Generally found to be an advantage to most individuals EXCEPT for executive women. |
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| When you describe a person, what do you say? |
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Definition
Where they're from
where they go to school
name
hobbies
physical characteristics
age
gender
occupation
marital status
socio-economic status |
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Definition
| A position occupied by a person in a social relationship and the behavior associated with the postition |
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| Ways that Americans group and classify themselves |
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Definition
Ascribed roles
Achieved roles |
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Definition
Roles assigned at birth
Age
sex
ethnicity
physical characteristics
royalty
family position (oldest, middle, youngest) |
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Gained through choice or training
Occupation |
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| For each type of group or classification, there are a series of complementary positions or statuses, give an example: |
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Definition
Age: child, teen, adult, elderly
University: Students, staff, faculty, administrators
Military: Lieutenant, captain, colonel, general |
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| Each position or status within a group/classification has a ______, ______, ______, and _________. |
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Definition
| role, status, expected behaviors, dress expectations |
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| What purpose does dress serve in relation to roles? |
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Definition
-Can assist a person in LEARNING a role
-Can assist in PERFORMING a role
-Can assist in IDENTIFYING others performing a role
-Can assist in MAKING a role changed |
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| Combination of roles enacted by the same person (tends to shape wardrobes) |
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| What are the 2 types of role clusters? |
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-Compatible role cluster
-Incompatible role cluster |
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Definition
Combination of roles approved by society
Female, mother, wife, girl scout leader, etc |
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| What are ways to reduce inter-role conflict? |
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Definition
-Change locations to change roles
-Often change dress as we change roles
-If you cannot change dress, wear the dress of the most important role |
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| Incompatible role cluster: |
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Combination of roles NOT approved by society
Make a definite effort to change dress when changing roles
-Mother/prostitute
-Minister/Drug dealer |
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| Restrictions to role adoption |
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Definition
intirinsic restrictions
moral restrictions
organic restrictions
cultivation and socialization |
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| lack of resources (don't hate the money or materials) |
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| Would like to adopt a role but the value system says it isn't right |
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| Your body doesn't fit the role (supermodels, body builer, Hooters, Playboy, Jockey) |
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| Cultivation and socialization |
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Definition
| Lack of knowledge on how to carry out a role |
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Role embracement
Role Distance |
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Definition
Role embracement: Close attachment to role
Role Distance: Lack of inner identification with role |
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Definition
| Dominant pattern of roles and activities frequently performed by a person |
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| Dimension for describing a lifestyle: |
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Definition
Role cluster
discretionary activites (what you do in your free time)
Focus on central life interests (work, family, social- activites, etc.)
Shaped by social and economic factors (income, amt. of education, geographic location) |
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Consumers choose products, including items of "dress" consistent with their lifestyles
Market segmentation: lifestyle segmentation |
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| According to Sheldon, a very muscular type of body form is classified as: |
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Definition
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What are examples of Dress?
Plastic surgery
accessories
dresses, jeans
All of the Above |
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Definition
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| A woman goes to a party where some friends tease her about gaining weight. Based on this review, she joins Weight Watchers to lose the extra 30 pounds. She probably experienced ______ and _______ at the party? |
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Definition
Reduced self esteem
Challege of self |
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