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Definition
| Research designed to benefit a group or society as a whole |
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Definition
| Advance knowledge without practical benefits |
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Term
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Definition
| "The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use" of the best evidence in making decisions during assessment and intervention; always questioning whether particular practices are effective |
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Definition
| Systematic examination (or reexamination) of empirical data collected by someone concerning the social or psychological forces in a situation |
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Definition
| A collection of methods used systematically to produce knowledge; a way of finding answers to questions |
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Term
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Definition
1. Problem Formulation
2. Research Design/Development
3. Data Collection
4. Data Analysis
5. Drawing Conclusions
6. Public Dissemination of Results |
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Term
| Problem Formulation (Questions) |
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Definition
"what is it I want to examine"
"Can it be done"
Is it practical, ethical, and affordable"
"Can the question be made clear and understandable" |
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Term
| Research Design and Development (Questions) |
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Definition
"What is the best way to answer this question"
"Where should I go"
"Who will I need and how will I find them"
"What information do I need to collect" |
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Term
| Data Collection (Questions) (Two safeguards) |
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Definition
"How am I going to collect and record information"
Pretest - trial run of data collection
Pilot Study - small scale trial run of entire study |
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Term
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Definition
Inferring a conclusion from more abstract premises or propositions
Begin w/ theory, generate hypothesis, measure/observe to confirm |
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Term
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Definition
Inferring something about a whole group from our knowledge of one or a few members
No theory, observe/gather information, attempt to explain information |
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Term
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Definition
1. Descriptive - Describe reality
2. Predictive - what will likely happen
3. Explanatory - why/how something occurred
4. Exploratory - relatively new area of study
5. Evaluation - "Do social programs do what they say they do" |
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Term
| *WAYS TO ACCUMULATE KNOWLEDGE* |
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Definition
1. Tradition - based upon custom, habit, repetition
2. Experience - firsthand personal observation of events
3. Common Sense - what everyone would seem to know
4. Authority - true because of who said it
5. Media Myths - TV, Movies, Newspaper portrayal
6. Science - based upon systematic observation of what can be seen, touched, tasted, smelled, or heard |
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Term
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Definition
"A compact way of thinking about a complex social situation"
A set of interrelated, abstract propositions or statements that offer an explanation of some phenomenon |
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Term
| *CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE* |
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Definition
1. Empirical - based upon direct observation
2. Systematic - procedures are organized, methodical, public, and recognized by other scientists
3. Search for Causes - assume there are ascertainable reasons for the occurrence of all events and an orderly nature of the world does exist
4. Provisional - conclusions are always accepted as tentative and subject to refutation; there are NO untouchable, ultimate, or irrevocable truths
5. Objectivity - personal bias and values must not influence conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| Building blocks of theory; mental constructs or images which symbolize persons, ideas, things, or events |
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Term
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Definition
1. Made up of propositions
2. Are abstract systems
3. Provide explanations |
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Term
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Definition
1. Explain a phenomenon
2. Guide for research and practice
3. Integrate multiple observations |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal definitions in which one standard set of words or symbols are agreed upon; analogous to dictionary definitions |
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Term
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Definition
| Definitions that indicate the precise procedures or operations to be followed in measuring a concept |
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Term
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Definition
| Testable statements of presumed relationships between two or more concepts (IV/DV) |
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Term
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Definition
| (X) Variable that causes produces change, causal |
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Term
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Definition
| (Y) Passive Variable, the one which is affected |
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Term
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Definition
Nomothetic - concerned with conditions applicable to all events, generalizable
Idiographic - concerned with a single person, event, or situation, specific
Combined - ... |
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Term
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Definition
| Measurement of phenomenon using numbers and counts |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures a phenomenon with words, pictures, descriptions, or narratives |
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Term
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Definition
Positivist Approach - world exists independently of people and their perceptions; focus on objectivity
Nonpositivist Approach - focus on social interaction, subjective |
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Term
| 3 Requirements of Suggesting Causality |
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Definition
1. Statistical association between IV & DV
2. IV must occur prior in time to DV
3. Relationship between IV & DV must remain when other variables are taken into account |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of what is proper and improper behavior; moral principles |
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Term
| Ethical Issues in Research |
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Definition
1. Informed Consent
2. Deception
3. Right to Privacy - Anonymity and Confidentiality
4. Harm, Distress, and Benefit
5. Sponsored Research
6. Misconduct and Fraud
7. Advocacy
8. Vulnerable Clients
9. Withholding Treatment |
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Term
| Selecting a Problem for Research |
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Definition
1. Person Interest
2. Social Problems
3. Testing Theory
4. Prior Research
5. Program Evaluation
6. Human Service Practice |
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Term
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Definition
| Inferring something about individuals based on data collected at higher units of analysis, such as groups |
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Term
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Definition
| Inferring something about groups based upon data collected from individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| People can react to being studied by behaving differently |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on a cross-section of a population at one point in time (i.e. surveys) |
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Term
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Definition
| Gathering data over an extended period of time (i.e. panel study - same people studied at different times) (i.e. trend study - different people are observed at different times) |
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