The U.S. Army favored extermination.

The U.S. Indian Vureau offered food, weapons and sanctuary to them.

A religious cult was determined to resist U.S. domination

Use of magic to neutralize whites' weapons

Rejected use of alcohol

Use of violence if necessary to oppose white dominance

KILL THE BUFFALO

The Plains Indians culture revolved around the buffalo. If the buffalo were killed off, then the Indian would need to become farmers.

Dissolved the community-owned tribal lands

Gave 160 acres of land to individuals

Those who accepted land were granted U.S. citizenship

1. Need for worldwide markets and new sources of raw materials.
2. A "saftey valve" for unrest at home.
3. Social Darwinism.
4. Age of Imperialism.
5. Support of influential people.

a writer who wrote a very influential book

-Influence of Sea Power Upon History

said that a strong navy was crucial to obtaining foreign markets and becoming a world power

advocated a steel navy, colonial empires, worldwide naval bases, and the building of a canal across Central America

his book was read by influential people who could put his ideas into action

De Lôme Letter (February 9, 1898)

Sinking of Maine (February 15, 1898)

• passed by Congress the same day of the declaration of war
• said that when the war was over, the U.S. would NOT take over Cuba→it would become independent
• guaranteed the sovereignty of Cuba

wrote Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer

realist author

wrote The Red Badge of Courage and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets

realist author

wrote The Call of the Wild

realist author

wrote Sister Carrie

realist author

wrote The Bostonians and Portrait of a Lady

use of "psychological realism"

Winslow Homer

Thomas Eakins

• head of the industrial school, Tuskegee Institute
• believed it was most important for blacks to learn a useful trade
• advocated economic equality
• did not advocate social or political equality

• strongly opposed Booker Washington
• A northerner who was the first black to earn a PhD from Harvard
• wanted "talented tenth"
• involved in the founding of Niagara Movement for civil rights which favored integration

• Joseph Pulitzer
• William Randolph Hearst

• tribes would receive payments for transit rights of settlers
• set definite territorial limits for each tribe

• Colorado enlistees led by Colonel John M. Chivington attacked a group of peaceful Indians
• 200 killed, moslty  women and children

•  published 1881
• written by Helen Hunt Jackson
• Told of government mistreatment of the Indians
• created awareness of the wrongs inflicted on the Indians

Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse

one force was led by George Armstrong Custer

one of the leaders of the Populist Party

she blamed Wall Street for the farmers' problems

she said that farmers need to "raise less corn and more hell"

cause: high unemployement

thousands of angry unemployed workers

nominated for president of Democrats

delivered "The Cross of Gold" speech

very emotional attack (with religious overtones) on the gold standard

equated the gold standard with the rich and powerful

Democrats nominated William Jennings Bryan for President

Republicas nominated William McKinley

Winner: William McKinley

End of Populists

Urban Dominance

Republican Party

Beginning of modern politics

What was the real problem for farmers?

Overproduction

• they were producing too much
• the supply of agricultural products exceed the demand for them
• result > prices declined

The National Granger Movement

Lobbied state legislatures > led to passage of Granger Laws

• States > regulated rates of railroads and grain elevators
• court case >Munn v. Illinois

individual states could NOT regulate interstate commerce

most railroad business=interstate commerce

1. nationalization of railroads, telegraph, and telephones
2. unlimited coinage of silver
3. a graduated income
4. sub-treasury system
5. Direction election of U.S. Senators by the people
6. single term of office for president
7. secret ballot
8. 8 hour workday

obtained by war, purchases and treaties

Louisiana Purchase, Florida, Texas, California, Oregon and New Mexico

Secretary of State William H. Seward made some attempts to expand during and after the Civil War. Elaborate.

1. purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
2. critized for wasting money on it
3. known as "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Icebox"
4. his efforts to obtain Cuba and Hawaii were unsuccessful