1. Which of the following states the principle of "popular sovereignty?"

a. Congress has the right to decide where slavery shall and shall not exist

b. The settlers in a given territory have the sole right to decide whether or not slavery will be permitted there

c. Individual citizens can decide for themselves whether or not to hold slaves

d. The American people shall decide where slavery will exist through a national plebiscite

e. Individual states have the right to reject congressional decision pertaining to slavery

2. Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was

a. Possible British recognition of the Confederacy

b. Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo

c. French objections to the Union blockade

d. British insistence on the abolition of slavery

e. British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage"

3. In the 1850's, the South differed from the North in

a. A better-developed transportation system

b. A better-educated White population

c. Less interest in evangelical religion

d. Fewer European immigrants

e. More cities

4. The dramatic increase in the South's slave labor force between 1810 and 1860 was due to

a. An increase in African slave trade

b. The importation of slaves from the West Indies

c. An increase in the severity of fugitive slave laws

d. The acquisition of Louisiana

e. The natural population increase of American-born slaves

5. Which of the following statements about the Dred Scott decision is correct?

a. It recognized the power of Congress to prohibit slavery in the territories, but refused on technical grounds to free Scott

b. It stated that Black people were not citizens of the United States

c. It upheld the constitutionality of the Missouri Compromise

d. It upheld the principle of popular sovereignty

e. It freed Scott, but not other slaves in circumstances similar to Scott's

6. Many Southerners supported the Compromise of 1850 because it

a. Provided for the possible creation of five states out of Texas

b. Provided for the return of fugitive slaves

c. Legalized slavery in all the newly acquired territories

d. Made the number of free states and slave states equal

e. Provided that cotton be substituted for currency as a medium of exchange

7. By opening territory north of 36°30' to slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the

a. Dred Scott decision

b. Northwest Ordinance

c. Wilmot Proviso

d. Missouri Compromise

e. Compromise of 1850

8. Which of the following most accurately describes the Stephen Douglas's idea of popular sovereignty?

a. A section of Western land would be given free to anyone who would homestead it for a certain number of years

b. Only citizens of the United States would be permitted to settle for territories acquired from Mexico

c. Public lands in the new territories would be open on a first-come first-served basis

d. The status of slavery in a territory would be determined by the voters in the territory

e. New territories would be closed to both slaves and free blacks

9. All of the following figured prominently in debates over the Compromise of 1850 EXCEPT the

a. Provision for a new Fugitive Slave Law

b. Slave trade in the District of Columbia

c. Admission of California into the Union as a free state

d. Future of slavery in the Mexican Cession territories

e. Extension of slavery into Kansas and Nebraska territories

10. Which of the following was a major factor in the decline of the Whig party in the 1850's?

a. Death of John Calhoun

b. Election of Zachary Taylor

c. Lincoln-Douglas debates

d. Know-Nothing movement

e. "Bleeding Kansas"

11. A political effect of the fighting in Kansas in 1855 and 1856 was to

a. Further divide the Democratic party

b. Cause the founding of the Republican party

c. Gain increased congressional support for proslavery forces in Kansas

d. United Northern and Southern democrats against Republicans

e. Elect a Republican president in 1856

12. The Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case outraged public opinion in the North chiefly because it

a. Declared the Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional

b. Guaranteed citizenship to free blacks

c. Removed restrictions against the spread of slavery into the Western Territories

d. Failed to abolish slavery in the South

e. Challenged California's status as a free state

13. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 increased sectional tension because it

a. Enriched northern railroad investors at the expense of the South

b. Reopened the issue of slavery in a territory North of 36°30'

c. Supported proslavery state constitutions in Kansas and Nebraska

d. Repealed the Compromise of 1850

e. Persuaded the Whig party to side with the South

14. The Lincoln-Douglas debates resulted in all of the following EXCEPT

a. Lincoln's emergence as a national political figure

b. Increased support for Douglas in the South

c. Douglas' reelection to the Senate

d. Douglas' attemt to reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision

e. Increased public awareness of slavery as a moral issue

15. John Brown's primary purpose in attacking Harpers Ferry was to

a. Gain contributions from Northern abolitionists

b. Take revenge for the death of anti-slavery settlers in Kansas

c. Start a slave rebellion in Virginia

d. Open up a new path for the underground railroad

e. Destroy the Federal Arsenal in Virginia

16. In the 1860 election, what was the position of Lincoln and the Republican Party on slavery?

a. Slavery was immoral and should be abolished immediately

b. Slavery should not be allowed to expand into the territories

c. Popular sovereignty would be allowed in the new territories north of 36°30'

d. The Dred Scott decision should be supported in the territories but not in the states

e. The federal government should act to bring about the gradual emancipation of slaves in the South

17. All of the following statements about the election of 1860 are accurate EXCEPT

a. The Republicans won control of the presidency but not Congress

b. No candidate received a majority of the popular vote

c. The popular and electoral votes were divided among four candidates

d. Lincoln won election because of the split in the Democratic party

e. A major consequence of the election was that several southern states seceded from the Union

18. Northern advantages in the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT

a. A superior navy

b. A political party system that could marshal support for the war

c. A superior railroad network

d. General agreement over war aims

e. Greater capacity to produce military equipment

19. All of the following were part of the initial Union strategy to win the Civil War EXCEPT

a. A naval blockade of southern ports

b. Control of the Mississippi River

c. The capture of Richmond

d. Keeping the border states in the Union

e. Emancipation of slaves in the seceded states

20. The Confederate government was able to achieve which of the following goals?

a. Recognition by a foreign power

b. Frequent victories over Union armies

c. A stable monetary system

d. A strong central government

e. Control of the Southern river system

21. President Lincoln was reluctant to emancipate the slaves in the first year of the Civil War because

a. He feared that freeing the slaves would bring England and France into the war

b. Congress was opposed to emancipation

c. He knew that a proclamation about slavery would only further alienate the South

d. He feared that emancipation would drive the border states out of the Union

e. He had always been opposed to the abolitionists in his party

22. Which of the following best describes an immediate effect of the Emancipation Proclamation?

a. Slaves in the border states became free

b. Slaves in the Deep South became free

c. The abolition of slavery in confederate territory became one of the North's war goals

d. Lincoln's reelection was assured

e. Draft riots erupted in New York City

23. The Compromise of 1850 did which of the following?

a. Admitted Texas to the Union as a slave state

b. Admitted California to the Union under the principles of popular sovereignty

c. Prohibited slavery in the District of Colombia

d. Enacted a stringent fugitive slave law

e. Adjusted the Texas-Mexico boundary

24. The economic impact of the Civil War included all of the following EXCEPT

a. An increasing number of women in the labor force

b. Widespread destruction of property in the South

c. Creation of a national banking system in the North

d. Reduced rate of industrial production in the North

e. Runaway inflation in the South

25. The Republican Party originated in the mid-1850's as a sectional party committed to which of the following?

a. Opposition to the further expansion of slavery into the territories

b. Immediate emancipation of slaves

c. Repeal of Whig economic policies

d. Restriction of immigration

e. Acknowledgement of popular sovereignty as the basis for organizing federal territories

26. All of the following were factors in the defeat of the South in 1865 EXCEPT

a. Shortages caused by the Union's naval blockade

b. Slave uprisings against Southern plantations

c. Grant's war of attrition in Virginia

d. Sherman's march through Georgia

e. The Confederacy's failure to obtain foreign intervention

27. What happened to Southern interest in slavery after Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831?

a. It grew gradually due to the influence of abolitionism

b. Southern ministers became more militant in the sermons denouncing the evils of slavery

c. Southern states made it increasingly difficult for master to free their slaves

d. Because new slaves continued to be imported from Africa, it did not matter if some were freed who were already in America

e. Southern plantations ceased to exist and slavery became eradicated

28. The Dred Scott decision held that a slave

a. Could sue for his freedom in the courts

b. Became free when transported to free territory

c. Was a private property even in a free territory

d. Was a citizen when in free territory

e. Could not be transported out of a slave state

29. Senator Stephen A. Douglas managed to engineer the Compromise of 1850 by

a. Winning the endorsement of President Zachary Taylor for the Compromise

b. Letting the southern Democrats dictate the terms of the Compromise

c. Securing passage of the different parts of the Compromise as separate laws

d. Threatening to remove political opponents from important congressional committees

e. A policy of reconciliation for all factions

30. Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel which brought home the evils of slavery to many in the North was

a. Uncle Tom's Cabin

b. The Impending Crisis

c. Twelve Years a Slave

d. Below the Mason-Dixon Line

e. The Yellow Rose of Texas

31. During the Civil War, African-Americans in the North

a. Were not allowed to join the Union Army

b. Fought in segregated regiments

c. Were allowed to join the Union Army but saw no combat

d. Were integrated into white regiments

e. Were permitted to select their own officers

32. The slave states that remained in the Union included

a. Missouri, Kentucky, and Virginia

b. Delaware, Kentucky, and Tennessee

c. North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas

d. Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware

e. South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama

33. The most common form of resistance on the part of black Americans slaves prior to the Civil War was

a. Violent uprisings in which many persons were killed

b. Attempts to escape and reach Canada by means of the "Underground Railroad"

c. Passive resistance, including breaking tools and slightly slowing the pace of work

d. Arson of plantation buildings and cotton gins

e. Poisoning of the food consumed by their white masters

34. Manifest Destiny was based on all of the following ideas EXCEPT

a. Anglo-Saxon racial superiority justified American absorption of inferior peoples and their lands

b. New lands would extend the domain of free government and free enterprise

c. The will of God

d. America had a specially ordained mission in the world

e. Conquest of new territory would prove American military superiority

35. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the formation of the New England Confederation?

a. The problem of defending against Indian attacks

b. Conflicts over colonial boundaries

c. Concern about runaway servants

d. Neglect by the English government

e. A desire to suppress religious dissent

36. Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to

a. Train lawyers and doctors

b. Encourage scientific advances

c. Ensure an adequate supply of ministers

d. Prepare young men for political leadership

e. Preserve the traditions of classical scholarship

37. The long-range plan of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

a. Achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat

b. Propose independence of the colonies from Britain

c. Declare war on the Iroquois tribe

d. Prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies

e. Support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia

38. A major reason why Thomas Jefferson was interested in purchasing Louisiana from France was that he

a. Wanted to establish a precedent for the expansion of presidential authority

b. Wanted an area beyond the Mississippi River to which eastern Native Americans could be removed

c. Had learned from Lewis and Clark of the untapped mineral resources in western areas

d. Hoped to cement a Franco-American alliance against the British

e. Hoped to preserve an agricultural society by making abundant lands available to future generation

39. Which of the following is a correct statement about the United States at the beginning of the Era of Good Feelings?

a. Sectionalism had become the dominant force in the nation

b. There were no more division within the ranks of the Republican party

c. Federalists and Republicans united on an economic program of internal improvements and protective tariffs

d. Friendliness and cooperation with Britain replaced earlier policies of hostility

e. Nationalism strongly influenced American culture and politics

40. The Seneca Falls Convention was significant because it

a. Initiated the religious revivals in the "burned-over district"

b. Demanded the immediate abolition of slavery

c. Issued a historic declaration of women's rights

d. Addressed concerns for the education of children

e. Concluded that the Auburn system was a failure

41. After the election of 1824, the President's choice of Henry Clay as secretary of state resulted in

a. The end of political bitterness between the major parties

b. The revival of the Federalist party

c. Widespread criticism of the spoils system

d. Charges of a corrupt bargain with John Q. Adams

e. A political alliance between Clay and Andrew Jackson

42. In his essay, Resistance to Civil Government, Henry David Thoreau claimed that an individual should

a. Not pay poll taxes

b. Live in isolation and as simply as possible

c. Obey only legitimately elected government officials

d. Reject the artificial constraints of government

e. Refuse to obey unjust laws

43. All of the following were provisions of Clay's "American System" EXCEPT

a. High tariffs to protect infant industries

b. Federal financing of internal improvements

c. Low tariffs and state support of internal improvements

d. The improvement of roads and canals

e. A strong central bank

44. In the Nullification Controversy, some Southerners took the position that

a. The federal government had the right to nullify state laws that interfered with the right to hold property in slaves

b. The federal courts had the right to nullify acts of Congress that restricted the spread of slavery

c. The states had the right to nullify acts of the federal government they deemed to be unconstitutional

d. Southern states had the right to nullify statutes of Northern states interfering with the recapture of escaped slaves

e. Congress should refuse to receive any petitions against slavery

45. In the 1830's and 1840's, all of the following were generally true about immigration EXCEPT

a. Most immigrants came from the British Isles and Northern Europe

b. Improvements in ship technology made the ocean voyage relatively cheap and fast

c. The South attracted the least number of immigrants

d. An overwhelming majority of native born Americans

e. Poorer immigrants lived in the cities while those with some money farmed in the West

46. During the 1840's large numbers of Irish immigrated to the United States mainly because of

a. British persecutions in Ireland

b. U.S. policies offering free land

c. Support from the Irish American Aid Society

d. The development of textile mills in New England

e. Famine resulting from the failure of the potato crop

47. Nativist reaction to immigration resulted in

a. The formation of the Know Nothing party

b. The splitting of the Democratic-Republican Party

c. Major changes in the immigration laws

d. Increased immigration from Southern Europe

e. Greater sectional differences between North and South

48. Which of the following best describes the policy of the government of Mexico toward Texas?

a. It tried to sell Texas to the United States at the time of the Louisiana Purchase

b. It encouraged American settlement in Texas in the 1820's and early 1830's

c. It governed Texas with stringent regulations in the 1820's

d. It encouraged the establishment of a strong local government in Texas in the mid-1830's

e. It favored the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the United States in the 1830's and early 1840's

49. Which of the following would most likely have expressed opposition to the idea of Manifest Destiny?

a. Advocates of the foreign policy of Secretary of State William H. Seward

b. Voters for James K. Polk in 1844

c. Supporters of the Treaty of Paris of 1898

d. Members of the Whig Party in Congress during the Mexican War

e. Supporters of the Ostend Manifesto

50. What happened to Southern interest in slavery after Nat Turner's Rebellion in 1831?

a. It grew gradually due to the influence of abolitionism

b. Southern ministers became more militant in the sermons denouncing the evils of slavery

c. Southern states made it increasingly difficult for masters to free their slaves

d. Because new slaves continued to be imported from Africa, it did not matter if some were freed who were already in America

e. Southern plantations ceased to exist and slavery became eradicated

51. The turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new transportation links generally encouraged all of the following EXCEPT

a. Lowering of freight rates

b. Economic growth

c. Rising land values

d. Migration of peoples

e. Larger voter registration

52. Early 19th century educators included all of the following EXCEPT

a. John Dewey

b. William H. McGuffey

c. Noah Webster

d. Emma Willard

e. Horace Mann

53. The growth in political democracy in the 1820's was due in part to

a. The egalitarian ideas that had developed during colonial and Revolutionary times

b. Economic prosperity

c. Continued suspension of political parties

d. The abolition of the Electoral College

e. The development of a unicameral legislature

54. Southerners feared the Tariff of 1828 because

a. It would hurt the manufacturing sector

b. They believed that the federal power this bill represented could be used to suppress slavery

c. It might hurt Andrew Jackson's political career

d. They were convinced that it would destroy the American woolen industry

e. The wealthy would lose some political power to the poorer masses

55. The Second Great Awakening was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

a. Efforts to encounter the rationalism and disbelief of the Revolutionary era

b. Belief in free will in combination with the doctrine of original sin

c. Efforts to appeal to people's emotions

d. Growing unity among Protestant churches

e. Widespread belief that the second coming of Christ was near

56. Which of the following is true of American transcendentalists?

a. Supported government actions and regulations as the solution to social problems

b. Argued for the importance of human intuition and individualism

c. Prosecuted for their radical views

d. Belonged to an experimental commune that practiced plural marriage

e. Played a leading role in the Second Great Awakening

57. According to the cult of domesticity, a woman's proper role was

a. Teaching in the growing number of free public schools

b. Balancing the obligations of family and career

c. Striving toward social and economic equality with men

d. Leading the movement for political and social reform

e. Acting as a moral leader and educator of the family

58. All of the following were true of the temperance movement EXCEPT

a. It was largely restricted to the southern states

b. German and Irish immigrants often opposed the movement

c. By the 1850's, the movement advocated the legal prohibition of alcohol

d. The early leaders of the movement were Protestant clergymen

e. It was the most popular of the Jacksonian era reform movements

59. Dorothea Dix was inspired to dedicate her life to a humanitarian Crusade by

a. The mistreatment of women factory workers

b. Conditions in the poorly funded public schools

c. Discovery of the confinement of the mentally ill in local jails

d. The lack of schools for the blind and deaf

e. The increase suicide rate in Pennsylvania and New York prisons

60. The abolitionist movement had the effect of

a. Weakening white southerners' attachment to slavery

b. Converting most Americans to the abolitionist position

c. Increasing the chances for compromise between North and South

d. Proving moral persuasion was more effective than political action

e. Bringing the issue of slavery to the forefront of the reform movement

61. William Lloyd Garrison and the American Antislavery Society supported

a. Gradual emancipation of slaves without compensation to owners

b. Immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation or emigration

c. Gradual emancipation of slaves with emigration to Asia

d. Immediate emancipation of slaves with compensation to owners

e. Violent overthrow of slavery in the south

62. Perfectionist aspirations to create a Utopian society are best reflected in

a. The Hudson River School

b. Thoreau's experiment at Walden Pond

c. American Colonization Society

d. The organizing of revivalist camp meetings

e. The founding of New Harmony, Brook Farm, and Fourier Phalanxes

63. An important effect of the tariff of abominations in 1828 was

a. Increased prices for cotton overseas

b. South Carolina's adoption of the theory of nullification

c. The election o a democratic president, Andrew Jackson

d. The alliance of north-Eastern workers and Western farmers

e. The growth of manufacturing in the South

64. Which of the following was NOT a major consequence of the U.S. war with Mexico?

a. U.S. annexation of Texas

b. Long-term Mexican resentment against the United States

c. Securing Texas's southern border on the Rio Grande

d. Increased sectional tensions over slavery

e. Cession of California and New Mexico to the United States

65. In the 1830's, the factor that most directly promoted the development of a two-party system was

a. The growth of the immigrant population

b. Increased interest in foreign affairs

c. Changes in methods of nominating and electing the president

d. Increasing section conflict between northern and southern states over the tariff use

e. The dropping of constitutional limitations on the party system

66. President Jackson's response to Supreme Court decision on the treaty rights of Native Americans resulted in which of the following?

a. Jackson's loss of popularity among working-class voters

b. Indian uprisings in the eastern states

c. The division of tribal lands into family units

d. Impeachment of the president for not enforcing the law

e. The forced removal of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia

67. All of the following contributed to the conflict between Mexico's government and settlers in Texas in the early 1830's EXCEPT

a. The collection of import duties

b. The support for annexation by John Tyler and James Polk

c. Mexico's decision to abolish slavery in its territory

d. Mexico's law requiring acceptance of the Catholic faith

e. The coming of power of General Santa Anna

68. The Seneca Falls "Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions" dealt with

a. The abolition of slavery

b. Colonial opposition of British taxes

c. Working conditions of children in factories

d. The concern of farmers over railroad rates

e. Women's rights

69. The Trail of Tears refers to

a. The removal of the Cherokees and other Native American tribes to Oklahoma

b. The difficulties new immigrants faced in getting to the United States

c. The migration of freed slaves to the north after the Civil War

d. Child labor in nineteenth-century factories

e. Conditions on slave ships coming to the colonies in the seventeenth century

70. The outcome of the election of 1824 between John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson was decided by

a. The Electoral College

b. A plurality of the popular vote

c. The Senate

d. The House of Representatives

e. The "corrupt bargain"

71. Which of the following BEST reflected the idea of manifest destiny?

a. The signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty

b. Henry Clay's position of Texas in the election of 1844

c. The establishment of Texas as an independent republic

d. The campaign platform of James Polk in 1844

e. Northern Whigs during the Mexican War

72. To Andrew Jackson, the spoils system

a. Denied qualified persons the right to keep federal jobs

b. Was needed in the absence of civil service laws

c. Benefited the political process

d. Was a political practice beyond his ability to control

e. Kept him from appointing his friends to political office

73. The provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo included all of these EXCEPT

a. Pay $15 million to Mexico

b. Set the Texas boundary at the Rio Grande

c. Yield California to the United States

d. Yield New Mexico to the United States

e. Yield the Mesilla Valley of the Arizona to the United States

74. In the first half of the nineteenth century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from

a. The White residents of Oklahoma

b. President Andrew Jackson

c. The United States Supreme Court

d. The Democratic press

e. The United States Congress

75. According to Alexis de Tocqueville in "Democracy in America", American individualism arose as a result of

a. The absence of an aristocracy

b. Limited geographic mobility

c. The uneven distribution of wealth

d. Urbanization

e. The Enlightenment

76. Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Andrew Jackson administration?

a. A central bank was established

b. The values of paper currency issued by individual banks become uniform

c. The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased

d. A nationwide banking system was begun

e. Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks

77. All of the following were among President Andrew Jackson's objections to the Second Bank of the United States EXCEPT

a. It allowed the economic power of the government to be controlled by private individuals

b. It threatened the integrity of the democratic system

c. It was preventing the government from achieving its policy of creating inflation

d. It could be used irresponsibly to create financial hardship for the nation

e. It benefited a small group of wealthy and privileged persons at the expense of the rest of the country

78. The Nullification Controversy directly involved South Carolina's opposition to which of the following federal policies?

a. The Alien and Sedition Acts

b. The protective tariff

c. The Missouri Compromise

d. The Civil Rights Act of 1832

e. The Compromise of 1850

79. President Jacksons' Maysville Road veto dealt with

a. Federally financed internal improvements

b. Foreign policy

c. The power of the Second Bank of the United States relative to that of other financial institutions

d. The efficiency and honesty of government employees

e. The purchase of government land with paper money

80. When President Andrew Jackson's enemies spoke of the "Kitchen Cabinet," they were referring to

a. A group of friends and unofficial advisors of the president

b. a number of persons of low standing, including a former cook, who were appointed by Jackson to high cabinet positions

c. A suggestion as to where Jackson might keep the federal government's money if he removed it from the Bank of the United States

d. A coterie of Jackson supporters in the U.S. Senate

e. Several state governors who supported Jackson

81. Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 is seen by many historians to represent

a. The end of the Federalist party in America

b. The rise of individualism and popular democracy in America

c. The first real consolidation of federal power over the states since the drafting of the Constitution

d. The beginnings of a genuine American aristocracy in government

e. The low point of power for the executive branch of government in the 1800's

82. The results of the Mexican-American War included

I. Acquisition of California by the United States

II. Important military experience that would be put to use in the Civil War

III. Contempt for the abilities of the U.S. Navy

IV. Extension of the 36°30' slavery line to the Pacific Ocean

a. I only

b. I and II only

c. I and IV only

d. I, II, and III only

e. I, II, and IV only

83. The most profound economic development by mid-19th century America was the

a. Development of a national banking system

b. Creation of corporations

c. Rise of the factory

d. Decline of the small-town merchant and general store

e. Creation of the agrarian society in the South

84. The Erie Canal revolutionized domestic markets because it permitted the

a. Shipment of wheat from Chicago to the Pacific Northwest

b. Transfer of goods from New York to New Orleans along inland waterways

c. Movement of cotton from the Deep South to New England

d. Transport of gold from California to the east coast

e. Passage to the transcontinental waterway

85. The situation of women and immigrants in the factory system was similar in that they both

a. Were able to organize labor unions successfully

b. Were powerless to affect pay rates or working conditions

c. Saw conditions in their factories slowly improve

d. Found opportunities for rapid improvement

e. Moved into management positions relatively quickly

86. The direction of the population movement that took place between 1790 and 1840 was from

a. The North to the South

b. The Old Northwest back to New England

c. New England to California

d. The Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi

e. The Erie Canal to the transcontinental waterway

87. In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled that

a. Slavery was unconstitutional in Massachusetts

b. Labor unions were not necessarily illegal combinations or monopolies

c. Massachusetts tax money could not be used to support an unjust war against Mexico

d. Segregated schools for blacks in Massachusetts did not violate the U.S. Constitution

e. Massachusetts had to reimburse the South for the misuse of cotton

88. The beginning of the Early American Industrial Revolution during the early 1800's resulted from all of the following developments EXCEPT

a. Technological advances imported from England

b. The appearance of better transportation systems

c. Monetary assistance from the federal government to new factories

d. New inventions such as the cotton gin

e. Backing from the Constitution

89. The paternalistic factory system of Lowell and Waltham did not last long because

a. Workers resented being watched over so carefully

b. In the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs

c. Unions undermined the owners' authority

d. Men found jobs in the factories, and they disliked the paternalistic system

e. The South stopped shipping cotton north because of the Black Tariff

90. The purpose of public education as seen by Horace Mann was to teach

a. Cultural plurality

b. Morality and discipline

c. Freedom, liberty, and other ideals of the American Revolution

d. Happened after a Calvinist revival meeting

e. Individuality

91. The Early Industrial Revolution had which of the following effects on slavery in the South?

a. The creation of numerous labor-saving machines vastly reduced the need of slave labor

b. Rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged Southern planters to grow cotton, thereby making slavery more important to the economy

c. The government bought and freed Southern slaves, then transported them to the North, where factories were experiencing a major labor shortage

d. The Industrial Revolution began as the Civil War was ending and it provided work for many former slaves

e. New farm machinery required slaves and masters to work more closely together, with a resulting reduction of mutual hostility

92. Which was the most important immediate cause of the rise of manufacturing in the United States?

a. Growth of the textile industry

b. New England water power

c. Patriotic appeals and the growth of nationalism

d. The South emerged as an industrial giant

e. Stoppages of trade by the embargoes and the War of 1812

93. The "Lowell System" refers to which of the following?

a. Employment of young women who were then housed in dormitories

b. Chattel slavery

c. Worker's cooperatives

d. An early American labor union

e. A business organization with limited liability for its owners

94. Which political party did John Calhoun and Henry Clay establish in opposition to the Jacksonian Democrats?

a. The Republicans

b. The Whigs

c. The Federalists

d. The Populists

e. The Nationalists

95. The Erie Canal was significant because it

a. Challenged railroads as the primary transportation system of the early 1800's

b. Tied the manufacturing of the East to the farming of the West

c. Was the first federally funded internal improvement

d. Stimulated subsistence

e. Increased trade with Great Britain

96. Which of the following increased southern planters' reliance on slaves?

a. Missouri Compromise

b. Invention of the steamboat

c. Invention of the cotton gin

d. Lowell System

e. Louisiana Purchase

97. The assassination of Abraham Lincoln

a. Was a calamity for the South

b. Benefited the South

c. Had little effect on Reconstruction

d. Saved him from possible impeachment

e. Brought an abolitionist to the White House

98. The Civil War resulted in which of the following?

a. Expanded federal powers of taxation

b. The end of nullification and secession

c. The creation of the first federal social welfare agency

d. The end of slavery

e. All of the above

99. To fill the army's demand for troops, the North relied mainly on

a. The draft

b. Bounty brokers

c. Substitute brokers

d. Volunteers

e. Foreign mercenaries

100. As leader of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis

a. Enjoyed real personal popularity despite the South's loss

b. Was a poor administrator

c. Developed a good relationship with his congress

d. Effectively articulated southern ideals

e. Defied rather than led public opinion