Term
|
Definition
| anoteher name for World War I, used by Europeans until the advent of World War II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| German emperor in World War I; his aggressive foreign policy is often blamed for starting the war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| military and political alliance formed beforew World War I to counter moves by potentioal rivals England, France, and Russia; consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| military and political alliance formed before Wrold War I by England, France, and Russia; created to challenge moves made by the Triple Alliance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the industrialized, colonizing nations of Europe before World War I; includes England, France, Gemany, Russia, and Italy; their rivalries led to the war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| name used by countries fighting the Central Powers; major members were Britain, France, Russia, and Italy; later in the war, the United States and Japan joined their cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire were the chief powers at war with the Allies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| warlike nationalist sentiment spread to and among the middle and working classes in Europe before the war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class of modern battleship launched by Britain before the war; triggered naval rivalry, especially with Germany |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serbian nationalist, assassin of Archduke Ferdinand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heir to Austro-Hungarian throne; his assassination precipitated the events that developed into World War I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capital of the Bosnian province in Austria-Hungary; site of Ferdinand's assassination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promise of support from Germany to Austria-Hungary after Ferdinand's assassination; Austria-Hungary sought reprisals against Serbia; one of many events that cascaded into global war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Britain's territories consisting of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand who sent soldiers into World War I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| war zone that ran from Belgium to Switzerland during World War i; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among the combatants, including Britain, France, Russia, and Belgium; later included the United States |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site near Paris, France, where Germany's early offensive was halted and thrown back; set the stage for four years of trench warfare on the Western Front |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| war zone that ran form the Baltic to the vbalkans wher Germanh, Rusia, Austri-Hungary,m and the BValkan nations fought |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last emperor of Russia whose oorm military and political decistions led to this downfall and Russia's loss ing the war; he and kaiser whilhemls II madde many moves tahta led to the start of the war |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| government-sponsonered mdiea coverage of the war designed to disseminate onesided versions of ":friendlya" and enemy condusct; used to guin up support for the war among it citizenry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| socials int Russia who rppomoted voerthrow of thetsar andx the stablishemnt of a social state; means "majority" in Russian |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| term used to describe career-riented woment in western europe and the unted states in the 1920as; they sought increased socail and poltical rights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| site of thwar's major seat battle between Germany and Britain off Denmark's coast; German seas prowess was limited after this enocuonter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| australian soldiers in support of the brithish were decimated by burkish an german soldiers at this batle near the dardanelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| FIGHT OCCUREED IN AFRICA BETWEEN brithishled indiandand south african ftropps on one side, and germain trainded east african tropps o n the other; today's tanzania |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wide-randign poswtar confreence that promoted much of wilsont' idealistica plan for peace but at the same time planded an punishe germanuy for startt ing the war; incloued creatof of a leagu eof nations an internations organizeatindestigne to prevent prucfher wra |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American president who initially claimed neutrality in the war but later joined the Allied cause; his Fourteen Points and American fighting forces hastened an Allied victory; one of the Big Four at Versailles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French premier at Versailles peace conference who insisted on punishing Germany after the war; one of the Big Four |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British prime minister at Versailles who attempted to mediate between Wilson's "peace without victory" stance and Clemenceau's, but only with partial success |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all sides agreed to lay down their weapons without declaring victory; promoted by Woodrow Wilson to end the fighting; concept later rejected by France and Britain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| myth promoted in Germany after the war that, on the brink of victory, socialists and Jewish politicians conspired to surrender to the Allies; used by Nazis as part of their drive to power in the 1920s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson called for national independence from colonial rule before Versailles; this encouraged colonial subjects in Asia and Africa until they discovered Wilson inteneded his rhetoric only for Europe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| young nationalist from Vietnam seeking self-determination for his country at Versailles; was ignored, like many representatives from Asian and African colonies who were there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nationalist grup in India that called for independence from Britain; led by Western-educated Indian elites; led India in the early postcolonial era |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nationalist leader who promoted a reactionary sort of Hinduism to gain independence for India; influence faded after Britain exiled him |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in 1909, British colonial authorities expanded political opportunites for eductated Indians |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| successful leader of the Indian nationalist movement who combined religious, social, and political know-how into a massive nonviolent campaign |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "truth fore", a term used by Gandhi to describe peaceful boycotts, strikes, noncooperation, and mass demonstrations to promote Indian independence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British High Commissioner of Egypt at the end of the 19tha nd early 20th centuries; implemented many, but apparently non enough, social and economic reforms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prosperous Egyptian families who made up the middle class; leaders of the Egyptian nationalistm movement came largely from tis group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Egyptian village where British violence came to represent the heavy-handed nature of colonial rule and united nationalists in their cause |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Treaty of Versailles established British or French control over territories formerly held by Germany and the Ottoman Empire; especailly important in regard to Arab areas after the war |
|
|
Term
| Ataturk (aka Mustafa Kemal) |
|
Definition
| postwar leader of Turkey who launched sweeping reforms, including women's suffrage and a Latin-based alphabet |
|
|
Term
| Hussein, Sherif of Morocco |
|
Definition
| convinced Arab leaders to support the French and British during the war because of their pledges of Arab independence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supporters of Jewish nationalism, especailly a creation of a Jewish state in Palestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| British foreign secretary who pledged in a declaration the establishment of a Jeish homeland in Palestine, which encouraged Jewish nationalists and angered Arabs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| violent assaults against Jewish communities, especially in Russia and Romania in the latter half of the 19th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prominent journalist who led the cause of Zionism in the late 19th century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French officer and Jew who was falsely accursed of spying for Germany in the late 19th century; his mistreatment spurred Herzl and other Zionists to increase their call for a Jewish homeland |
|
|
Term
| World Zionist Organizaton |
|
Definition
| formed by Herzl and other prominent European Jewish leaderst to promote JEwish migration to Palestine in advance of the creation of a Zionist state in Palestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energetic leader of the nationalist-leaning Wafd Party in Egypt |
|
|
Term
| Liberal Constitutionalist Party; Labor Party |
|
Definition
| rivals to Egypt's Wafd Party; once in control of their own government, these three parties did little to help the peasantry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| led a military coup in Egypt in 1952; ruled until 1970; established himself as a major Arab force in the Middle East |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| influential British colonial administrator who predicted the rise of African nationalism |
|
|
Term
| Marcus Garvey and W. E. B. DuBois |
|
Definition
| Americans who promoted African nationalism andunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement begun in the 1920s to promote African nationalism and unity; did much to arouse anticolonial sentiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| literary movement in France that argued precolonial African societies were superior in many ways to European colonial societies in Africa; writers included L. S. Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire |
|
|
Term
| National Congress of British West Africa |
|
Definition
| regionalized version of the pan-African movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to World War II; responsible for attempted genocide of European Jews |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| international diplomatic and peace organization created with the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member |
|
|
Term
| Montagu-Chelmsford reforms |
|
Definition
| increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all-India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled by legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected Indians; passed in 1919 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| placed restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offfset the concessions granted under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sherif of Mecca from 1908-1917; used British promise of independence to convince Arabs to support Britain against the Turnks in World War I; angered by Britans' failure to keep promise; died 1931 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1821-1891) European Zionist who believed that Jewish assimilation into Christian European nations was impossible; argued for return to Middle Eastern Holy Land |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Egyptian nationalist party that emerged after an Egyptian delegations was refused a hearding at the Versailles treaty negotiations following World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul' negotiations eventually led to limited Egyptian independence beginning in 1922 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1906-2001) one of the post-World War I writers of the negritude literary movement that urged pride in African values; president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980 |
|
|
