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Definition
White temple
Uruk, Mesopotamia
Sumerian Period
Dedicated to the sky-god anu
Sundried mudbrick, timber
Walls lean inward (battered) for support, effect
Raised for religious symbolism
Corners face cardinal directions |
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Ziggurat of Ur
Sumerian period
Built by king Ur-Nammu
Built on the white temple
Corners oriented in cardinal directions
Baked brick - waterproof |
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Definition
Jericho, Israel
Sumerian Period
Sundried brick
Early houses were circular, later were rectangular |
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Catal Huyuk, Turkey
Neolithic period
Adobe walls
Travelled across rooftops
Single story houses |
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Stonehenge, Ireland
Neolithic Period
Built in 5 stages
Used for ceremonial cremations, ceremonies
Sarsen stone, blue stone from wales used
Concentric circles |
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Definition
Newgrange, Ireland
Neolithic period
Post and lintel doorway
Corbeling design
Megalithic architecture
"Passage Grave"
Significance to the solstice |
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Definition
Lascaux Cave, France
Paleolithic
"Hall of the Bulls" |
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Definition
Gobekli, Turkey
Neolithic
Relief Carvings
Benches inside of the circles |
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Definition
Mammoth-bone houses, Ukraine
Paleolithic
Made out of bones, animal hides |
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Definition
Citadel of Sargon II, Khorsabad
Assyrian Period
Lamassu statues at front
Mudbrick for walls
Relief decorations |
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Definition
Ishtar Gate, Babylon
Built by Ishtar
Reconstructed by Sadam Hussein
Arch entrance |
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Definition
Persepolis, Persia
Built originally by Xerxes, continued by Artaxerxes
Orthogonal layout
Hypostyle walls
Very square plan |
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Definition
Funerary Complex of Djoser
Old Kingdom Period
Columns imitate reeds
Ashlar Masonry |
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Definition
Great Pyramid at Khufu
Old Kingdom
3 separate layers
Each side faces a cardinal direction
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Definition
Temple complex of Khafre
Old Kingdom
Sphynx had head of human, body of lion
excavated directly from stone of surrounding plateau |
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Definition
Temple Complex of Hatshepsut
New Kingdom
Architect was Senmut |
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Definition
Temple of Amun
New Kingdom
Hypostyle style hall
Relief sculptures showing King making offerings to the gods
Aligned East-West |
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Definition
Temple of Ramses II
New Kingdom |
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Definition
Palace of Minos
New Palace Period
Central Court, administration areas
Non-axial entrances
Lack of fortification walls |
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Definition
Palace and Citadel at Tiryns, Greece
Late Helladic/Mycenean period
Megalithic construction
Corbled side entrances, galleries |
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Definition
Lion Gate and Citadel of Mycenae, Greece
Late Helladic/Mycenaen construction
Megalithic
Ashlar masonry
Functional/defensive purposes
Axial alignment
Relieving triangle in gate |
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Definition
Treasury of Atreus, Mycenaeus
Late Helladic/Myceneaen
Megalithic construction
ashlar masonry
Corbeling arch and relieving triangle above door
Corbeled dome |
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