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arch ch 5
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23
Anthropology
8th Grade
03/30/2009

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

VEDBAEK

Definition

-5000bc, denmark

 

- many graves of an indiputably symbolic nature

--decorative items such as clothes, ppl framed by deer antler, males with rocks on pelvis


-first evidence of warfare

-- parry fractures, arrows in backs, linear depressions

-male, fem, and kid buried in one grave, w weapons in body (evidence of nuclear fam)

 

-graves were used for long time

--indicative of teritoriality

Term

 

 

 

 

what do the arrows imbedded in the backs of women tell us?

Definition

 

-from graves at vaedbak, denmark

 

-they tell us that groups were trying to kill each other totally

Term

 

 

 

 

 

MOUNT ZENDEL

Definition

-ireland

 

-stone huts located on an estuary

 

-presence of small storage pits means ppl get food all year round, arent storing alot

 

-animals hunted were mostly solitary

aka elk, fallow deer

 

- presence of fish and bird

-- bc they were exploiting a wide range of food sources, the more likely their pop would grow

Term

 

 

 

 

 

 

STARR CARR

Definition

- site in england

 

- probably seasonal

 

- was on the edge of lake, lake flooded, everything preserved

-- fishing equipment, 2 kinds

GORGE, and LEISTER

took much energy

means ppl putting energy into fishing

Term

 

 

 

 

 

a GORGE is:

Definition

 

 

a piece of fishing equipment

 

small sliver of bone, string attatched in center

 

when fisherman pulls on a swallowed gorge it flips upwards and sticks in throat

 

labor intensive

 

lots found at STARR CARR

Term

 

 

 

 

a LEISTER is:

Definition

 

 type of fishing equip

 

found at STARR CARR

 

two pieces of antler lashed together at the end of a pole like a crab claw

 

LABOR INTENSIVE

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

GUTHRY

Definition

 

 - thought cave art was made by ancient children

-- to test, he surveyed handprints at art sites and found that MOST were made by kids

 

 - thinks its kids showing off

support?

most art is DEEP underground, and far in cave

no one will see it, it proves you did something scary

also, most of the footprints at these sites are kids

Term

 

 

 

 

what is the difference between steppe and savannah grasses?

Definition

 

- STEPPE grasses put their energy into SEED production

-- bc their major threat is COLD

 

- SAVANNAH grass puts energy into TUBER production

-- bc their major threat is FIRE

Term

 

 

 

 

 

describe the risk associated with life on the STEPPES

Definition

 

- steppe grasses = suceptible to cold

-- remember, temps fluctuated ALOT back then

 -- this means they had uneven survival rates

 

- bc steppe animals relied on the unpredictable steppe grasses, they were unreliable

-- this made animal resources for steppe humans unpredictable

 

how to solve this problem?

 

alliance networks

-- lessen risk by dispersing it through a large pop

Term

 

 

 

 

 

what is the association between cave art, alliance networks, and climate change?

Definition

 

art helps ppl communicate

-- art is found in high correlation w spears/projectile weapons

-- presence of spears indicates a gathering of ppl

 

art probably helped ppl maintain alliance networks

 

alliance networks were necessary bc climate variability made game unpredictable

 

support?  when europe thaws ppl stop doing cave art

 

in other words,

once food sources stabilized, alliance networks were no longer necessary, and so art was no longer necessary

Term

 

 

 

 

MOBILITY STRATEGIES are;

Definition

 

 

ways of distributing yourself in relation to resources

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY is:

Definition

 

 -also known as foragers/foraging strat

 

- ppl move their entire group to a food source en masse

 

- not territorial

 

- cost; lower pop

Term

 

 

 

 

 

COLLECTOR STRATEGY is;

Definition

 

- a mobility strat

 

- you move food to ppl

 

also known as logistical mobility

 

- have main camp

 

- go to nearby resources and bring them back in concentrated form

 

- only so many good base camp sites = TERRITORIAL

 

- cost= transporting food and territoriality

 

-benefit= larger population

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

what are the costs and beneifts of agriculture?

Definition

 

COSTS

- territoriality

- need to expand bc of increased pop size

- encourages a less diverse diet, which is an unsustainable strat

 

BENEFITS

- increased repro success

Term

 

 

 

 

what are the costs/benefits of a foraging strat?

Definition

 

COSTS

- less repro success

 

BENEFITS

- more diverse diet, more stable

- no territoriality

 

Term

 

 

 

 

EIN GEV;

Definition

 

- isreal

 

- many dif occupations

 

- 10-20kya

 

- why is this site important?

-- shows PPL STILL MOBILE

 

- kabaran microliths indicate mobility

Term

 

 

 

 

KABARAN MICROLITHS

Definition

 

- found at ein gev and jericho

 

- indicate mobility

-- they break easy but cheap to make

-- most efficient way to carry a cutting edge

 

aka LIGHT WEIGHT and DISPOSABLE

Term

 

 

 

 

 

AIN MALLAHA EYNAN;

Definition

 

- isreal

 

- first site known where ppl shift to collector strat

 

- evidence for arrows

 

- evidence for collect strat?

-- heavy, hard to make, grinding stones for seeds

-- storage pits, also doubled as graves

 -- remains of rodent/bird species that live w humans in longterm settlements

Term

 

 

 

 

 

why are arrows important?

Definition

 

 - better hunting tech than spears

 

- make hunting less dangerous

 

- NICH BROADENIGN

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

EITAN TCHERNOV is:

Definition

 

- isreali rodent specialist

 

- found 3 species that predict year round human habitation

black rat

house mouse

house sparrow

Term

 

 

 

 

 

NETIY HAGDAD :

Definition

 

- isreali village

 

- on fertile land called an alluvial fan

 

- possibly a site of very early domestication of plants

Term

 

 

 

 

HOLOCENE

Definition

 

period of unusual climatic stability

 

agricult first shows up

 

12.5 kya

 

dogs first show up

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

JERICHO;

Definition

 

 - isreal

 

- one of the oldest places to be continually inhabited by ppl

 

- neolithic ppl did extensive trading

 

- cereals were an important food source

 

- wall of trash and bricks 70 ft high accumulated

 

- a tower, a wall, and a trench were found

 -- wall and ditch were probably dykes, channeling water

-- tower was possibly a site of religious/cult ceremonies

 

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