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| 1 The decision making is a flow and pattern of action that extends over time and includes many decisions some routine and some not so routine |
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| 2 The root causes of a problem or casual factors that contributed to the problem should be the targets of legislative actions if lawmakers truly want to solve the problem |
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| 3 The curative approach seeks to punish those deemed responsible for the creation of the problems in the first place as well as those adversely impacted by it |
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| 4 Redistributive policies are conscious attempts by the government to manipulate the allocation of wealth, poverty, rights, or some other value among broad classes or groups on society |
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| 5 the federal government initiated the move towards regulation of the private sector with the passage of the taft-hartly act in 1887 |
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| 6 the texas legislature crafts a prepares an annual budget for the fiscal year beginning September 1st and ending august 31st |
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| 7 pork barrel politics is the use of political influence by members of state legislators to secure government funds and projects for the constituents |
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| 8 a tax is tagged as inelastic when is does not generate increase revenues in proportion to economic growth |
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| 9 operating expenses are multi-year or amortized costs while capital expenses are the yearly costs of running a government agency or programs |
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| 10 a regressive tax is any tax in which the burden falls relatively more heavily upon low income groups than upon wealthy taxpayers |
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| 11 the rate of a tax is the percentage of an item that is taxable whereas, the base rate is the items subjected to the tax |
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| 12 guilt taxes are charges on all alcoholic beverages whether they are purchases from retail store, over the counter at a restaurant or on an airline or train |
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| 13 inelastic taxes are the most reliable and predictable sources of revenue |
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| 14 all public policies have an authoritative, potentially legally coercive quality that the policies of private organizations do not have |
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| 15 proportional taxes are the most reliable and predictable sources of revenue |
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| 16 the shortness of the texas legislative session does not allow state legislator the luxury of ensuring that every legislative act passed during that session will be effective in addressing its goals and objective, fiscally responsible and administered efficiently |
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| 17 Action plans must include measurable and attainable goals and objectives |
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| 18 A severance tax is levied for the extraction of any natural resource from the earth to include off shore oil drilling operations |
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| 1 ______________________________is the action actually taken in pursuance of policy decisions and statements |
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| 2 all government contracts contain ________________________that the recipient must enact or face losing the contract |
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| 3 a _______________________________________ is defined as a condition or situation that produces needs or dissatisfaction among people for which relief or redress by governmental action is sought |
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| 4 ______________________________ are the strategies used to obtain desired goals |
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| 5 the ____________________________ approach recognizes the potential for future suffering by providing a safety net for those who could be adversely impacted by the problem or issue |
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| 6 _____________________________ are governmental actions that convey tangiblebenefits to individuals, groups or corporations |
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| 7 __________________________________ is a general effort to relieve the disincentives toward efficiency in public organizations by subjecting them to the incentives of the private market |
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| 8 _________________________________ ensures that money will be used for its intended purpose |
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| 9 __________________________________ is the withholding by the executive branch of funds authorized and appropriated by law through the legislative branch |
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| 10 created in 1949 the _________________________________________is the dominating actor in the drafting of the state’s budget |
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| Legislative budgeting board |
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| 11 a _______________________________is a compulsory contribution for a public purpose rather that for the personal benefit of an individual |
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| 12 _____________________________is public policy that concerns taxes government spending public debt and management of government money |
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| 13 ______________________________involve what government is going to do such as construction of highways paying welfare benefits etc |
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| 14 ______________________________________ is defined as a purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern |
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| 15 a ______________________________ is privilege granted by government to do something that it otherwise considers to be illegal |
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| 16 the ____________________________________ policy approach is designed to address current suffering caused by the policy problem or issue without actually attempting to solve the problem itself |
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| 17 ________________________________ are simply government grants of cash and other commodities |
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| 18 __________________________________________is the budgetary practice of allocating a specific tax revenue stream for a specific purpose such as allocation a certain percentage of the hotel occupancy tax to promote |
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| 19 _________________________________________ is an economic criterion applied to a tax that refers to the tax’s ability to generate increased revenue as economic growth or inflation increases |
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| 20 ___________________________________ budgeting is based on the concept that the allocation of funds for any expenditures begins a new with each budgetary cycle |
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| 1 The bush administration did attempt a welfare reform package with the passage of the personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act |
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| 2 the united states census bureau defines homeless as lacking any permanent shelter |
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| 3 the temporarily or marginally poor are those whose incomes have fallen below the poverty level of over ten years |
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| 4 according to official census statistics texas ranked 2nd in 2007 in the number of persons living in poverty |
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| 5 liberal perspectives hold that the undeserving poor are those who simply failed to avail themselves of the opportunities needed to improve their income situation |
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| 6 In the 1960’s president john f kennedy introduced a comprehensive approach to solving the nation’s poverty-related problems called the war on poverty program |
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| 7 the special supplemental program for women, infants and children (WIC) is totally funded by the state of texas to provide nutritional food staples to pregnant women |
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| 8 the democratic party embraced the liberal approach to poverty with the election of harry Truman to the presidency |
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| 9 over the past several years national statistics indicate that the gap between the rich and poor is narrowing |
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| 10 the poverty level is basically calculated on the amount of money an individual to a family of nine spend on food |
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| 11 as or 2007 only thirteen states had family income levels lower than texas |
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| 12 a provision of the Obama health care plan calls for a medicare payroll tax increase effective by 2013 for those earning over $200,000 per year |
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| 13 in texas adults lose their welfare benefits once their one to three year time limit has expired but their dependent children continue to receive benefits |
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| 14 in 2008 both per captia personal and disposal income levels for Texans were below national figures |
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| 15 federal law mandates that states participate in both the Medicaid and CHIP programs |
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| 1 __________________________________________ is the minimum amount of income needed to survive without deprivation |
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Definition
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| 2 several states pay their workers a __________________________________- a rate above the federal minimum wage that is adjusted for increases in living costs |
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Definition
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| 5 liberal perspectives hold that the undeserving poor are those who simply failed to avail themselves of the opportunities needed to improve their income situation |
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Definition
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Term
| 6 In the 1960’s president john f kennedy introduced a comprehensive approach to solving the nation’s poverty-related problems called the war on poverty program |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 the special supplemental program for women, infants and children (WIC) is totally funded by the state of texas to provide nutritional food staples to pregnant women |
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Definition
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Term
| 8 the democratic party embraced the liberal approach to poverty with the election of harry Truman to the presidency |
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Definition
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Term
| 9 over the past several years national statistics indicate that the gap between the rich and poor is narrowing |
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Definition
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| 10 the poverty level is basically calculated on the amount of money an individual to a family of nine spend on food |
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Definition
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| 11 as or 2007 only thirteen states had family income levels lower than texas |
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Definition
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| 12 a provision of the Obama health care plan calls for a medicare payroll tax increase effective by 2013 for those earning over $200,000 per year |
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Definition
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| 13 in texas adults lose their welfare benefits once their one to three year time limit has expired but their dependent children continue to receive benefits |
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Definition
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| 14 in 2008 both per captia personal and disposal income levels for Texans were below national figures |
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Definition
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| 15 federal law mandates that states participate in both the Medicaid and CHIP programs |
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Definition
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| 1 __________________________________________ is the minimum amount of income needed to survive without deprivation |
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Definition
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| 2 several states pay their workers a __________________________________- a rate above the federal minimum wage that is adjusted for increases in living costs |
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Definition
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| 3 the federal government provides potential homeowners with low incomes to apply for ______________housing subsidies as provided through the housing and community development act |
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| 4 in the counties near the shared border with mexico many low-income Hispanics live in rurual communities commonly known as the ___________________ |
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| 5 since the American revolution the answer to indigent was the _______________ commonly known as the poorhouse |
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Definition
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| 6 in _______________________________________________ the united states supreme court ruled that social security is not an absolute guaranteed right |
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Definition
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| 7 the ___________________________________ of 1988 extended welfare benefits to qualifying two parent families |
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Definition
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| 8 developed in 1964, the _______________________________________ program provides an in-kind exchange of food coupons for food |
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Definition
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| 9 created in 1965, the ______________________________ program is a preventive health care system for low-income adults and their children |
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Definition
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| 10 in 1997 congress enacted the _________________________________________________________ that provides free low cost health insurance to the nation’s uninsured children whose parents do not qualify for Medicaid but do not have the income to afford health insurance |
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Definition
| Children’s health insurance program |
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| 11 the _________________________________________program provides cash payments to workers temporarily laid off from their jobs |
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Definition
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| 12 _____________________________________ is the nations health care plan for the nation’s senior citizens |
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Definition
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| 13 the modern welfare system was launched when the united states congress passed the _________________________________in 1935 |
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Definition
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| 14 the medicare prescription drug improvement and modernization act created a _____________________________________ |
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Definition
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| 15 ___________________________________________is the state of condition of being poor by lacking the means of providing material needs or comfort |
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Definition
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| 16 the ___________________________________ is a category of individuals with annual incomes amounting to less than half of the official poverty level |
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Definition
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| 17 a federally funded program _________________________________________was designed to provide cash payments to low income elderly persons as well as to blind and disabled adults and children |
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Definition
| Supplemental security income |
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| 18 ______________________________ is a household that has access as all time to enough food for an active healthy life for all household members with no need for recourse to socially unacceptable food sources |
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| Title I of the elementary and secondary education act provides federal funds for the purchase of library books and instructional materials |
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| 2 according to the 1983 nation at risk study, approximately 13 percent of the nations seventeen years old were functionally illiterate |
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Definition
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| 3 under no child left behind all schools were required to developperiodic report cards showing parents their child’s standardized test scores |
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| 4 the texas constitution of 1876 called for public funding and land grants for the establishment of both private and public schools |
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| 5 although E J davis believed in centralization of government functions, he mandated that the states education system must be manned at the local level |
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| 6 by 1915 the texas legislature required that all children between age six and eighteen be enrolled and attend a public school for at least 120 days per year |
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| 7 under the Gilmer-Aiken reforms, all applicants for a teaching position in a public school had to have a valid Texas teacher’s certificate |
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| 8 along with severe budget cuts, the 2011 Texas Legislature mandated that ll classroom sizes regardless of grade level be increased to 24 or 25 students |
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Definition
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| 9 the state board of education is composed of fifteen members appointed by the governor for four year staggered terms of office |
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Definition
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| 10 traditionally, public school board members have the tendency to overly micromanage and meddle into the day-to-day operations of the schools |
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| 11 the states first public college in texas was texas agricultural and mechanical college, now known as Texas A & M open its doors in 1876 |
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| 12 chaired by ross perot the SCOPE committee recommended increasing the maximum class sizes and raising the passing grade for courses from 60 to 70 |
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Definition
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| 13 the university of texas launched its academic programs in 1883 |
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| 14 The texas constitution of 1845 officially mandated the establishment of a system of schools and officially pledged that one/tenth of the states annual revenue from taxation would be set aside for education |
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| 1 the _________________________________(1917) provided federal grants for vocational college programs |
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| 2 the ________________________________ (1972) eliminated minority group segregation and discriminatory practices in elementary and secondary schools |
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| 3 once in the white house president George w bush initiated his package of public school reform measures under the umbrella of the _________________________________________ programs |
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| 4 initially, ___________________________________in texas were one building schools located in rural areas while independent schools were located in urban areas |
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Definition
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| 5 the states major education reform package happened in 1949 with the passage of the ________________________ |
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| 6 the most controversial part of HB72 was the ___________________________________________ provision that adversely impacted public school athletic and band programs |
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Definition
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| 7 created in 1949 the ____________________________________________oversees the texas education agency |
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Definition
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| 8 in 1991 governor ann Richards was instrumental in convincing the Texxas legislature to mandate that all students take and pass a series of test known as the ________________________________________ |
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| Texas assessment of academic skills |
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| 9 a __________________________________ is a student who is enrolled in public schools in grades 7-12, does not return to finish school the following fall is not expelled and does not graduate or receive a GED |
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Definition
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| 10 _____________________________________________________ is the funds a public school system has above the state-mandated per-pupil expenditure |
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Definition
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| 11 in the landmark united stated Supreme Court case _____________________________________ the court of last resort ruled that although the public school funding system in texas is unfair to the states property poor school district the funding formula is not unconstitutional |
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Definition
| San Antonio independent school district v rodriguez |
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| 12 the process of selecting textbooks for the public schools in texas falls upon the shoulders of the _____________________________________________________ |
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| Textbook selection committee |
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| 13 _____________________________ are governed by county-wide elected superintendents and trustees |
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| 14 in 1972 the federal government established federal grant assistance to college students under a program commonly known as the _____________________________________________________ |
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| 15 the initial entry of the federal government into the nation’s education system was the passage of the ____________________________________of 1785 which provide one section of land in each township for the endowment of schools |
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| 16 texas has initiated a limited _________________________________ whereby parents can use them to pay the tuition and transportation costs to send their children to the schools of their choice |
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| 17 in texas all property are assessed on their __________________________________________ meaning the fair market value of the property |
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Definition
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| 18 public school are assessed on their ____________________________________________________ defined as the percentage of students from a class of beginning seventh or ninth graders who graduate receive a GED or are still enrolled in the fall after graduation |
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Definition
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| 19 according to the texas education agency an _________________________________________ student is one that is eligible for free or reduced-priced meals under the national school lunch and children nutrition program |
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Definition
| Economically disadvantaged student |
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| 20 ________________________________________________________ are directly supervised by elected board members under the guidance of the texas education agency |
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Definition
| Independent school districts |
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| appropriations committees |
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Definition
| It is in charge of setting the specific expenditures of money by the government of the United States |
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| exemption from taxes granted by a government for a specified period, usually to encourage certain activities such as investment in capital equipment |
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| a social theory that expands on the cycle of poverty |
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| department of human services |
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| is a national or subnational umbrella agency which is responsible for providing public assistance programs to the population they serve. |
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Definition
| provide court-mandated equitable school financing for all school districts in the state. |
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| Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board |
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| is an agency of the Texas state government that oversees all public post-secondary education in Texas |
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