1.618 PHI

the most beautiful number in the universe. In nature all plants follow the ratio of 1.618.

Donato Bramante, Tempietto, c.1502-3

The Tempietto of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome is a small commemorative martyrium. It is considered a masterpiece od the High Renaissance architecture. Commissioned by Ferdinand and Isabella odf Spain, it marks a traditional location of St. Peters crucifixion.

Anonymous, An Ideal City, c.1470

Believed to be inspired/closely related to Piero della Francesca's treasties "De Prospectiva pingendi" and "De Corporibus regularibus" in these treaties he analysed the theoretical and scientific foundations of his pictorial culture. It's from the his drawings in De Prospectiva that the prespective constructionof the panel "Ideal City" was born.

Bramante stands out as one of the giants of the High Renaissance in Italy. Merging classical antiquity with Christian inspiration.

This image is Bramante's design for the metal for the New Saint Peter.

Leonardo da Vinci, Embryo in the Womb, c.1510

Leonardo carried out dissections of the human body with MArcantonio della Torre, which his knowledge influenced this drawing.

Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, c. ???? 

An acclaimed masterpiece that deteriorated very quickly due to its composition of tempera paint instead of fresco, which made it subjectable to mold and flaking. 

One of the most reproduced works in history.

The Last Supper marks the final days of Jesus as he announces that one of his twelve disciples would betray him.

Columbia University Prof. claimed that the restoration of the Last Supper by Pina Branbilla left the painting "dead as a doornail" . Beck claims "it is better to let the painting die than to kill it."

Attributes Branbilla's restoration as a "beautiful ruin."

Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna and Child with Saint Anne, 1503-6

This painting was interpreted by Frued who made out the shape of a vulture in the virgin's garment and suggested a psychoanalytical explanation that Leonardo dreamt he was attacked at a young age (this suggestion was later abandoned).

The paint was thinly applied and even transparent in some areas, so much so that you could see the underlying sketch, this has become even more apparent since the dark varnish was lightened and the overpainting was removed in 1953.

S. American con artist, "the perfect con".

The mastermind of the scam of the century, his plan was to make 5 good copies of the Mona Lisa for 5 rich collectors and get rich himself. But it didn't fly over too well.

A computer wiz who claim that the identity of Mona Lisa being a self portrait of da Vinci. She cut the image of Mona Lisa and a self portrait sketch of Leonardo da Vinci and said that there is an obvious relation.

She is also known as the Digital da Vinci.

Michelangelo, Pieta, 1500

Made for the French Cardinals' burial. This is Michelangelo's only signed work, one that he guarranteed to be the best work in Rome, it was so good that it was not used as the Cardinal's burial. However, critics claim that both Mary and Christ look too young for their age, Maryis supposed to be 51 and Christ, 33. This sculture is completely finished- front and back look completed and well crafted.This particular depiction of Mary and Christ had not yet been attempted, and Michelangelo encapsules the dead in Christs corpse.

May 21st, 1972

Lazlo Toth attacked the Pieta with a small hammer. He hit the sculpture 15 times shattering the arm and nose. While he was attacking the sculpure he claimed that he was Jesus Christ and that Mary was not his mother.

Michelangelo, David, 1501-4

He completed the David out of the same marble that Agostino di Duccio attempted but failed to create David 40 yrs earlier. Michelangelo broke away from the traditional way of representing David. He doesn't depicted David as the winner with Goliath at his feet, instead portrays him immediately preceding the battle.

Has three parts:

Ceiling: World before Moses recieved laws.

Left Wall: World after Moses recieves laws.

Right Wall: World after birth of Christ.

Painted the original ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, before it was torn down for Michelangelo. D'Amelia originally painted the ceiling blue which attributed to the wealth and prestige of the Sistine Chapel since blue was a very expensive color to acquire.

Structural faults of Chapel caused cracks and seriously compromised the ceiling which led to Julius II to commission Michelangelo to repaint the ceiling.

Michelangelo, Last Jugdment, 1534-1541

The largest fresco of the Renaissance, Michelangelo depictd all of his figures nude which caused lots of controversy, people accused Michelangelo of heresy. The mistakes seen in the Last Jugdement is the recognizable portraits, Christ being too young, and has no beard, the angels have no wings, the painting has a narrative it's not instantaneous, and the nudity is fit for brothels.

Michelangelo, Laurentian Library, 1524-1559

This is an example of Baroque architecture yet has characteristics of Mannerist style. It consists of three flightsof steps,quadrangular shaped on the side, convex shapes of the central one, and the three at the bottom are completely elliptical.

Rafael, Madonna of the Meadow, 1505

An example of HIGH Renaissance, with its idyllic serenity, the work as a whole structurally harmonic, from its figures to the landscape. 

Rafael, Pope Julius II, 1511-12

With this painting emerged the idea of a famous artist.

Rafael, The Rape of Europa, 1512

Mannerist style, highly emotional with and sense of intensity. THis painting was comissioned for Agostino Chigi and his villa that was costructed for him.

Raphael, Disputation over the Sacrament, 1509-11

Disputa is really a celebration of the Eucharist and Christianity. represents Communion, renewing Christs sacrifice of his body and blood.

Rafael, School of Athens, 1509-11

Within this painting there is great detail, and many chacteristics of high renaissance, such as the unified light source, naturalism, stability and order. Also in this image are recognizable portriats. This painting is the personification of philosophy, in fact painted on the ceiling of the painting are the words CAUSRUM COGNITO which means "knowledge of things through their highest causes." or "Gift of revelation of higher truth."

Giovanni Bellini, San Giobbe Alterpiece, 1482

This is Bellini's most celebrated works, It is uncertain of when it was produced exactly but this is believed to be Bellini's first altarpiece.

Giovanni Bellini, Francis in Ecstasy, 1485

This is Bellini embrasing Flemish realism and the allusions of Flemish art which would be plants, animals, and household objects that allude to Franciscan ideals od poverty and humility.

Jacopo da Pontormo, Entombment, 1525-1528

An example of Mannerists style, with its overcrowding chaoticness, no location, no structure, no tomb, disproportions of the human body, no landscape, no cross, so much tension, no space.

Jacopo Pontormo mostly worked in Florence, however he was born in Italy. His style was marked by elongated figures heightened emotion, and tension between figures and space.

Parmigianino, Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror, 1524

An example of Mannerism, this paintingis one of the most famous and unusual paintings of early mannerism. Parmigianino painted this on a convex piece of wood in hopes of winning the favor of Pope Clement VII patronage. In this painting he has emphasized his hand which symbolizes his talent.

Parmigianino, Madonna and  (alien) Child with Angels, 1535

Mannerist style, it features elongated figures such as Madonna especailly with regards of her neck, this painting is aka Madonna of the Long Neck. This painting is also very disproportioned with the leg of the angel, baby Jesus, Mary, and the mini figure in the bottom right.Parmigianino worked on this painting for 6 years but still did not finish it.

Giulio Romano, The Fall of the Giants, 1525-32

Romano was the pupil and assistant of Raphael. This painiting was the mmost unusual of all with the gaints wreaking havoc, fury , and ruin  around the walls.

Agnolo Bronzino, Venus, Cupid, Folly, andTimes, 1545

Mannerist style. Bronzino's style is troubling, cold metallic, refined, aristocratic, and technically brilliant in details and colors. In this painting Cupid and Venus are rather disproportioned, and Folly is the only one that is correctly proportioned. Again, in this image there is no location, no landscape, crowding of figures, chaotic sense, high in emotion. Incest also plays a role as Cupid is kissing and fodling Venus. 

Paolo Veronese, Christ in the House of Levi, 1573

This paiting was originally named The Last Supper, but it recieved much resistance because this Last Supper included German soldiers, comic dwarves,and a variety of animals, which many thought mocked the idea of the Last Supper. When he was summoned to explain why he included these extraneous details he alluded himself and other artists to madmen, as they take the same liberties as them.

Cellini, Saltcellar of Francis I, 1543

Made by Benvenuto Cellini who was the foremost goldsmithog the late Italian Renaissance. The style of the saltcellar is that of a mannerist quality, characterized by elongation and abstraction of the poised. Cellini also carved in very fine detail all around the saltcellar in general giving it a very beautiful and unique look.

A snake like twisting of the body, typical of Mannerism art.

*This can be seen in Parmigianino's Madonna and (alien) Childwith Angels AKA Modanno of the Long Neck. *

Jacopo Tintoretto, Last Supper,1592-94

a word to associate with this painting is transfiguration. Tintoretto lived and worked exclusively in Venice, unlike his protege and enemy Titian. In this painting it can be described as fest of common people, in which Christ dines with crowds of apostles. What is unique to this painting is the supernatural scene of winged figures showing through the light that is being emitted from his head. In this painting there is light coming from all of the "enlightened" people, notice how no light is around the commoners heads.

El Greco, Burial of the Count of Orgez, 1585-88

This painting is widely considered to be El Greco's best work. This larger alterpiece is clearly divided into two zones, the heavenly above and the terrestrial below, however, the method in which El Greco incorporates these two concepts allows the image to flow and not be in stark comparison.

Andrea Palladio, Villa Rotunda, 1560

 Palladio studied Roman architectural ruin which influenced his work. He freely combines elements of Roman buildings but at the same time takes in consideration the Renaissance characteristics for harmonious proportion,etc. With this villa, every side of the building is the same as the other, very symetrical and identical.

El Greco, View of Toledo, 1610

dont know of any info in particular...

Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights, 1510-15

This painting depicts sins and human faults. This image is only part of the whole alterpiece and the alterpiece as a whole depicts the story of the world and the progression of sin. The Garden of Delights in the center is illustrating a world deeply engged in sinful pleasures.

Bosch is believed to be an inspiration to the surrealist movement through his very imaginative artworks.

Pieter Bruegel, (Netherlandish) Proverbs,1559

example of poise art, Bruegel paints the real, he paints both real landscape...not simply a landscape backdrop as most artists as well as everyday people (the peasants). This depiction of village life was unusual at the time 

Pieter Bruegel, Peasants Dance, 1567

In this image there lies social protest. The church is depicted to be in the background with no one really paying attention to it. The representation of the church is the little paper in the back, hung up to a tree. Also a notable characteristic of Bruegels' paintings is that he liked to paint everything in a more or less circular fashion.

Albrecht Durer, Self-Portrait, 1500

Durer signs and dates all of his paintings on the art work, he even tells us what age he is when he paints this work. This painting has a starking comparison to Christ.

Durer, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, 1497-8

Apart of a set of 15 wood carving set. This is one of Durer's best printmaking in his early work. It tells the story of the end of the world.

Albrecht Durer, Melencolia I, 1514

Regarded as a masterpiece, Durer has captured the sense of life into this engraving. The meaning is not 100% clear but it seems to be about the realtionship between melancholy and creativity.

Grunewald, Crucifixion with St Sebastian, St Anthony, and Lamentation, 1510-1515

Alterpiece that opens up.