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ART 111 Exam II
Chps. 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,10
92
Art History
Undergraduate 1
03/23/2010

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Cards

Term
The Old Stone Age is called...
Definition
Paleolithic Period
Term
The lifestyle of Paleolithic people made what kind of sculpture common?
Definition
Sculpture in the round and relief sculpture
Term
What did Paleolithic sculptors most often depict?
Definition
Women
Term
The Lion-Human from Hohleinstein-Stadel is an example of...
Definition
a sculpture in the round
Term
What methods and materials were used to create cave paintings?
Definition
Charcoal and red and brown pigments of ground ochers in the light of small stone lamps fueled by animal fat
Term
What are possible reasons for the creation of Stonehenge?
Definition
Extraordinary social and symbolic importance in its region. Some scholars think that it may have been a kind of observatory that helped astronomers to track cosmic events; whereas, anthropologists suspect that the monument was an important site for mahor public ceremonies, possibly planting of harvest rituals.
Term
Compared to Paleolithic painting, Neolithic painting is...
Definition
more abstract
Term
From what are ceramics made?
Definition
Baked clay
Term
What is Skara Brae? Where?
Definition
Excavated village on the Orkney Islands off the northern coast of Scotland
Term
What is a cylinder seal?
Definition
Hard stone with design incised (cut) into the surface. Cylinder seals were used to secure and identify documents and signify property ownerships.
Term
What two forms of writing did the Sumerians develop?
Definition
Pictograph and cuneiform script
Term
What form of writing did the Egyptians develop?
Definition
Hieroglyphic writing
Term
In Mesopotamia, a tall stepped structure with a temple built on top is called...
Definition
ziggurats
Term
In Egypt the human form was drawn according to a...
Definition
canon
Term
What is the world's oldest recorded code of law and what is it inscribed upot?
Definition
The Stele of Hammurabi, incised in cuneiform script under a portrait of the ruler depicted standing before the supreme judge and sun god, Shamash, patron of law and justice.
Term
What does the art of the Palette of Narmer depict?
Definition
The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
Term
What is a flat-topped, one-story Egyptian structure with slanted walls over a burial chamber?
Definition
Mastaba
Term
What is a large Egyptians hall filled with rows of columns?
Definition
Funerary temple of Hatshepsut
Term
Describe the difference between the Stepped Pyramid of Djoser and the Pyramid of Khafra
Definition
Stepped Pyramid - body is underground, structure after mastaba (middle)
Pyramid - body is buried inside of the pyramid, culmination of the Egyptian burial structure
Term
Qin Shihuangdi's ceramic soldier were mass produced by using...
Definition
standardized mold
Term
What characterized the Indian sense of beauty?
Definition
a) Voluptuousness, beauty, and ornamentations
b) Symbolism
c) All about the divine quality (religion)
Term
In Buddhist architecture, what is the bell-shaped moung that contains relics?
Definition
Stupa
Term
What is the ancient sun symbol that is pictured as a wheel with spokes?
Definition
Chakra
Term
What is the decorative process where one material is set into the surface of an object?
Definition
Inlay
Term
Han architecture can be found only in...
Definition
ceramic models
Term
What do we call the liquid, that when fired forms a decorative and non-porous surface on ceramics?
Definition
Glaze
Term
From where does the world's oldest surviving pottery come?
Definition
Japan
Term
What is the world's oldest surviving documented wooden structure?
Definition
Horyu-ji
Term
What is calligraphy?
Definition
"beautiful writing" - based on combinations of strokes, executed with a brush and ink on paper, to create the characters of Chinese writing.
Term
Stylization
Definition
a manner of representation that conforms to an intellectual or artistic idea rather than to naturalistic appearances
Term
Pagoda
Definition
reliquary tower - multistoried masonry structure with projecting tiled roof, originated in the Indian Bugghist Stupa
Term
Silk Route
Definition
a network of land and sea routes that linked China by trade to Europe
Term
Haniwa
Definition
hollow ceramic works of sculpture. The figures seem to have serves as some kind of link between the world of dead and the wold of living. (decorative Japanese figures)
Term
What was one use for Greek Geometric Style vases?
Definition
Funerary vase that worked as grave marker made to hold offerings
Term
The earliest standing Greek temples date from which period?
Definition
Temple of Hera I in Archaic Period (Doric Order)
Term
What do we call the platform of a Greek temple? The main room?
Definition
the platform of a Greek temple - stylobate
the main room - cella
Term
Compare the three Greek architecture orders: which order has no base? which order has a rolled capitol? which has the thinnest column?
Definition
no base - Doric
has a rolled capitol - Ionic
the thinnest - Corinthian
Term
Explain the Black Figure vase painting technique of the Archaic period
Definition
The painted used slip (a mixture of clay and water) to silhouette figures against the reddish, unpainted clay of the background. Details were incised with a sharp tool inside the silhouetted shapes. The colod contrast was created in the firing process
Term
What event coincided with the end of the archaic period and beginning of the classical period?
Definition
Greek's success against the Persians which gave them self-confidence that accelerated the development of their art
Term
Whar differentiates the early classical period from the archaic period?
Definition
Increasing naturalism in styles
Term
What Greek sculptural technique allowed for the creation of more complex poses?
Definition
Hollow-casting
Term
What is the Parthenon? Which architectual order is used?
Definition
The Parthenon is the ideal Doric temple which follows the typical cella and peristyle plan
Term
What did Polykleitos develop?
Definition
A canon of human proportions
Term
What civilization most influenced Roman Art? In what way?
Definition
Greek civilization, Hellenistic period. Romans incorporated Greek orders into their architecture, imported Greek art, employed Greek artists, and adopted the Greek gods and heroes as their own, giving them Latin names
Term
What do Romans coins give us an understanding of?
Definition
Living rulers appearance (personal view through history of living rulers)
Term
What is the topmost stone in a round arch?
Definition
Keystone
Term
Define a barrel vault and a groin vault
Definition
Barrel vault - simple lengthened cyllindrical round arch
Groin vault - two barrel-vaulted spaces that intersect each other at right angels
Term
What are the two functions of the Pont du Gard?
Definition
Transport and carry water over the Gard River
Term
First century CE artists created the illusion of space using what two artistic techniques?
Definition
Intuitive perspective (further - smaller)and atmospheric perspective (further - less distinct, hazier)
Term
What durable building material was invented by the Romans?
Definition
Concrete
Term
Discuss at least two of the interestind innovations built into the Roman Colosseum?
Definition
a) Canopy, developed sunshades
b) Elevators for animals
Term
A Roman painting in a circular shape is known as a...
Definition
tondo
Term
What is an oculus? Which Roman building is known for its oculus?
Definition
Oculus - central circular opening in the roof. Pantheon is known for its oculus.
Term
Illusionistic
Definition
very naturalistic style of drawing, w/ illusion of space
Term
Buttrees
Definition
external support in Round Arch (barrel vault)
Term
Engaged Column
Definition
half column attached to the wall
Term
Equestrian Statue
Definition
statue that involves human and the horse
Term
Rotunda
Definition
round room created by dome and drum
Term
What was painted on the walls of the synagogue at Dura-Europos?
Definition
Scenes from Jewish History
Term
Most of the earliest surviving examples of Jewish art date from which two periods? (two different civilizations)
Definition
Hellenistic and Roman periods
Term
Where do we find the oldest Christian art?
Definition
Cubiculum of Leonis, Catacomb of Commodilla, ROme
Term
Describe both a central-plan church and a basilica-plan church
Definition
Basilica-plan church: rectangular structure, has transept, nave, apse, atrium, and narthex
Central-plan church: round-domed structure, has apse, atrium, narthex, and dome area
Term
What is the art technique where metal strips form areas which are filled with enamel?
Definition
Cloisonne
Term
What is the banning or destruction of religious art called?
Definition
Iconoclasm
Term
The highest form of art in Islam is considered to be...
Definition
Calligraphy
Term
The scrolling design based on organic shapes and calligraphy is...
Definition
arabesques
Term
What is specifically forbidden in early Islamic art?
Definition
Figural representation
Term
Mughal painting was more ... than earlier Islamic Painting
Definition
naturalistic
Term
Identify the "Dome of the Rock"
Definition
The oldes surviving Islamic building and is decorated on the interior with a mosaic frieze containing the earliest written text of the Koran. Its centralized octagonal plan is derived from both Byzantine and local Christian archtecture. Build in complex mathematical forms (the plan of the octagonal structure is based on eight-pointed star)
Term
What is a container for holy objects known as?
Definition
Reliquaries
Term
A recurring element in a design is known as a...
Definition
motif
Term
What are three style characteristics of the Gummersmark brooch?
Definition
a) symmetrical design
b) abstract design of animals
c) geometric design / pattern / decoration
Term
In church architecture from the Carolingian period, what is the monumental front entrance known as?
Definition
Westwork
Term
What was the hybrid art style of Christians living in Islamic Spain?
Definition
Mozarabic
Term
Who revived large scale bronze casting during the early Medieval period?
Definition
Bishop Bernward
Term
Whar is the artwork thet describes William the Conquerors invasion and defeat of England?
Definition
Bayeux Tapestry
Term
What did architects at Durham Cathedral develop that became important to Gothic architecture?
Definition
A system of vaulting and compound pears
Term
Identify the semi-circular area above the door lintel of a church?
Definition
Tympanum
Term
What is the Worchester Chronicle?
Definition
The earliest known illustrated history book
Term
[image]
Definition
Chi Rho Iota Page - Carolingian
Term
[image]
Definition
Dipylon Vase - Greek / Geometric
Term
[image]
Definition
Colosseum - Rome
Term
[image]
Definition
Bayeux Tapestry - Romanesque
Term
[image]
Definition
Emperror Qin's Mausoleum - China
Term
[image]
Definition
Kritios Boy - Greek / Classic
Term
[image]
Definition

Lion Human - Paleolithic Period

(Old Stone Age)

Term
[image]
Definition
Palette of Narmer - Egypt
Term
[image]
Definition
Pont du Gard - Rome
Term
[image]
Definition

Skara Brae - Neolithic Period

(New Stone Age)

Term
[image]
Definition
Stele of Hammurabi - Mesopotamia
Term
[image]
Definition
Sutton Hoo Purse Cover - Medieval
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