Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Makapansgat, South Africa, 3,000,000 bce
-
waterworn pebble, resembles human face
-
reddish-brown jasperite, nearest source of this ironstone was 20 miles away from the cave where it was found.
-
not art b/c was neither manipulated or manufactured.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Namibia, South Africa, Apollo 11 Cave
-
Several stone plaques with animals depicted on them in STRICT PROFILE (head, body, and all limbs can be seen)
-
Strict profile is completely informative about the animal's shape (always the choice in paleolithic art)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Apollo 11 plaque
-
Dated back to 23,000 bce
-
charcoal on stone
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany
-
Human with feline head
-
One of earliest sculptures discovered, 30,000-28,000 bce
-
Carved out of mammoth ivory using a stone BURIN (a pointed engraving tool) to INCISE (scratch) lines into surface
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Venus of Willendorf
-
Willendorf, Austria, 28,000-25,000 bce
-
Limestone
-
Exaggerated female anatomy, possible fertility image?
-
Did not aim for naturalism (tiny arms and feet, no facial features) beaded texture may indicate hat?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Laussel relief, woman holding bison horn
-
Laussel, France, 25,000-20,000 bce
-
One of oldest known RELIEF SCULPTURES (sculpture protrudes from medium)
-
Stone CHISEL (tool with straight blade at end) used to cut into flat surface of rock and BURIN used to incise details
-
Painted with RED OCHER (naturally colored mineral)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Two Bison
-
Le Tuc D'Audoubert, France, 15,000-10,000 bce
-
Two 2' clay bison RELIEFS against large rock
-
Smoothed surfaces with spatula-like tool, used fingers to shape details.
-
Among largest Paleolithic sculptures known.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Bison Fragmentary Spearthrower
-
La Madeleine, France, 12,000 bce
-
Bison 4" spearthrower, reindeer horn
-
Incised details with sharp burn
-
Head turned 180* to keep profile view
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Altamira Cave Paintings
-
Altamira, Spain, 12,000-11,000 bce
-
Discovered by amateur archaeologist Don Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola and daughter
-
each bison about 5" long
-
No ground line or indication of setting
-
Artist's sole purpose was to represent the animals
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Pech-Merle, France, 22,000 bce
-
Spotted horses, 11' 2" long and negative hand imprints
-
In order to make hands, painter spat pigment across their hand, like a signature
-
MURAL (wall painting)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Rhinocerous, Wounded Man, Disemboweled Bison
-
a well in Lascaux, France, 15,000-13,000 bce
-
First time man shows up in prehistoric art
-
bird-faced man, might be a mask
-
man- penis
-
COMPOSITE view (partly profile view, partly shown from front)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Paleolithic
-
Lascaux, France, 15,000-13,000 bce, Hall of Bulls
-
largest painted area in lascaux
-
several species of animals are depicted
-
many are colored silouhettes, but others were created by outline alone
-
includes axial gallery
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
Neolithic
Stone Tower at Jericho
5 ft thick wall, 13 ft high, made of stone foundation and mud bricks.
tower 30 ft high, 33 ft thick. made completely of stone
inner stairway leading to top
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
Plastered Skulls at Jericho
-
Bodies were buried, and heads cut off
-
Skin peeled off and plastered
-
displayed in homes, sometimes decorated with shells
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
Ain Ghazal
-
occupied from 7200-5000 bce
-
near amman jordan, to right of jordan river
-
they built houses of irregular shaped stones and then plastered them carefully and painted the floors and walls red
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
Two caches of figurines discovered at Ain Ghazal, datable to 6500 bce
-
ritually buried
-
made up of core of reeds and twine and covered in white plaster, eyes were made of black bituman (tar-like substance)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
Two-headed busts found at Ain Ghazal were thought to be Enlil, Mesopotamian God
-
Two pairs of everything, all-knowing, all-seeing, all-hearing
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
Catal Hoyuk
-
12 building levels
-
no streets or doors
-
openings in roof provided ventilation and access into interiors
-
houses were made of mud brick and timber frames
-
walls and floors plastered and painted
-
houses served as perimeter wall
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Catal Hoyuk
-
Certain rooms were more decorated and designated as "shrines"
-
Decoration consisted of wall paintings, plaster reliefs, animal heads and BUCRANIA (bovine skulls)
-
Many statuettes of stone or TERRACOTTA (baked clay) also have been found, mostlly female depiction
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Catal Hoyuk Shrine
-
Bulls' horns, thought to be symbols of masculine potency, are common in rooms
-
in some cases they were put next to plastered breats projecting from walls, symbol of female fertility
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Catal Hoyuk Painting
-
Deer Hunt shows many humans in a wide variety of poses and settings
-
transition from animals alone to human dominating animals (paleolithic to neolithic)
-
humans composite-torsos presented from front while legs arms and head are profile
-
pigments applied with brush to white background of dried plaster
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Catal Hoyuk\Neolithic
-
world's first LANDSCAPE (picture of natural setting in its own right, without any narrative content)
-
found at catal hoyuk
-
6150 bce
-
mountain is thought to be HASAN DAG.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Newgrange Passage Grave, Neolithic
-
Newgrange, Ireland 3200 bce
-
one of the oldest burial monuments in europe
-
takes the form of PASSAGE GRAVE (tomb with a long stone corridor)
-
corbeled vaulting
-
covered by a great TUMULUS (earthen burial mound)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
Menhir Alignment
-
Menec, France, 4250-3750 bce
-
Eleven converging rows of menhirs stretching for 1165 metres
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-
Neolithic
-
stonehenge, 2550-1600 bce, southern england
-
MEGALITHS (great stones)
-
POST AND LINTEL (two upright posts support horizontal beam or lintel)
-
HENGES (arrangement of megalithic stones in a circle surrounded by a ditch)
-
inner-most circle TRILITHONS (three stone constructions) five post-and-lintel made of SARSEN (type of sandstone
-
encircling that is a circle of smaller BLUESTONES (various volcanic rocks)
-
outer-most circle is a circle of SARSEN POST-AND-LINTEL MEGALITHS.
|
|
|
