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Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, c. 1550, rebuilt c. 1700, Tiwa Speakers. |
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This word means "Vanished People" (and thus is not the preferred term), and it refers to the hill-dwellers who preceded the Pueblo in the American southwest. They built hillside dwellings in the rock on a large scale but eventually vanished, likely because of a severe drought. Later the Pueblo people occupied the same land and developed an analogous building style that was more dependent on adobe than sheer rock. |
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clay used in Pueblo architecture. earthen construction made possible by combining clayey soils, lime, dung, chaff and water.
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In peublo architecture, the wood beams that are brought down from the mountains |
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the lattice between the beams |
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Room used for religious rituals and spiritual ceremonies. Originally used as a clubhouse or congregating room for males. |
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Communal central area. Used for cooking, drying food, general congregating. |
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"the emergence place" or "breathing place" from which a spirit emerges and is ever-present. It gives the Pueblos a sense of being tied to the earth and a reminder of the creation of the universe and flow of the earth's energy. Architecture is often centered around one of these spots. |
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Bureau of Indean Affairs golden age of constructing schools |
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1890-1928(and after): goal was to assimilate Native Americans by dissolving their social structure through Western education and destroying their land base. BIA school compounds reflected a foreign world view that opposed the pueblo world and its physical organization. The BIA's Santa Clara Day school was isolated and authoritatively emphatic. Lack of confidence and feelings of inadequacy have become characteristic traits of children who lived in the pueblo and went to the BIA school. |
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