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Ancient Greek Assembly Building or Council hall Usually located in an Agora |
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Longest Day of the Year Important part of architectural layout for Stonehenge: A person standing on the center of the circle on the morning of th summer solstice would look toward the Heel stone, and see the sun rise a little to the left of the large stone. |
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A Mesopotamian temple-tower in the form of a stepped pyramid Ex. Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu @ Ur |
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The slight convex bulge given to a column to offset the optical illusion that it is thinner in the middle Ex. Parthenon @ Athens |
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The Main room in a Classical temple, housing the cult statue Ex. Parthenon, Held statue of Athena Parthenos |
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Roofed Structure, with two sets of colonades or two columned porches surrounding a building or courtyard. |
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| Archaic representation of a Male Youth. Static and carefully planned body position envokes Egyptian predecessor |
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Hippodamus of Miletus (498 BC — 408 BC) was an ancient Greek Architect, Urban Planner, Physician, Mathematician, Meteorologist and Philosopher and is considered to be the “father” of urban planning, the namesake of Hippodamian plan of city layouts (grid plan). He was born in Miletus and lived during the 5th century BC, on the spring of the Ancient Greece classical epoch. His plans of Greek cities were characterised by order and regularity in contrast to the more intricacy and confusion common to cities of that period, even Athens. He is seen as the originator of the idea that a town plan might formally embody and clarify a rational social order. |
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Hippodamian system relied on a theoretical formula of geometry & it was carefully adjusted to the demands of the site/environment. Divided land into sectors (public, private, sacred), sometimes divided people into classes. systems involved the division of the urban territory into sectors, each w/ it own public areas for specific public functions (agora, port, etc.); and provision for the placement of individual public buildings. |
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The three successive phases of Greco-Roman planning (Stoas) |
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1. Single Aisled, L-shaped (miletus)--problem w/ roof (5-4th c.) 2. Single Stoa w/ 3 arms or 2 L-shaped enclosing space (3rd-2nd c.) 3. Roman phase: Stoas & natural features (i.e. water) are used to enclose space (1st c. BCE) |
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circular building also called Tholos Usually found in agoras |
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Plan of Miletus 479 BCE Per Strigas scheme Grid was oriented Northeast & Southwest to best take advantage of the topographical layout. Grid planned by Hippodamos of Miletus. (see Hippodamos card for details of city layout) Triple division of city into sections for allocation of public areas and specific functions. Agora was in the low-lying land in between the two harbors. |
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Kritios Boy 490-480 BCE
stood free of the four-square frame that had held them in the sixth century (archaic youth statues). The head, instead of staring rigidly ahead, turned to one side and gently inclined forward in a manner that suggested introspection, thought, the mind beneath the stone surface
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The Akropolis Citadel at Athens, first held Myceneaen fortress/temples 5th Century BCE Parthenon, Erectheion, propylia(entrance), theater, Statues of Athena etc. |
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Miletus Agora Public forum served as democratic alternative to temple precinct and palace precinct. Public speeches, citizens' assemblies, shows, social & commercial activity. Agora @ Miletus was definied by stoas. 3 different Agora plans of Miletus 1) 5-4th century 2) 3-2nd century 3) 1st century BCE *Check Fig. 7.9 in book for these models--couldn't find image to put on card |
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Stoa @ Miletus Ionic Order Stoa The agoras of Miletus are defined by Stoas, at least along three sides. A Stoa is: A freestanding portico that is much longer than it is wide.
One of the lengths is a solid wall while the other is a colonnade
Sometimes the solid wall contains rooms as well |
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Taller, Thinner Columns Scolled, volute capitals Separate column base Ionic order was used in the miletus Stoas. |
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Athenian Agora Center for public forum, commerce, & delegation of citizen duties. Contatined Stoas, Panathenaic Way, skias, Bouleuterian, prytaneion(town hall), other govn't buildings. |
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Parthenon inner Frieze 431 BCE Depicts a procession of Athenians ascending upon the Akropolis on the day of celebration |
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Theater at Epidauros 300 BCE
Perfect example of preserved classical theater Chorus becomes detached from the action and assigned independent songs of its own. According to Kostoff, the pricipal actors were on a shallow elevated stage, while the chorus stayed in the center orchestra. |
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Hellenistic Ruler a heroic portrait, bronze statue, later 2nd century B.C. Humanity is Revealed--> viewer is empathetic Statues depict either gloating victory, or pitiful defeat ethos reigns supreme society moves towards expressionistic sculpture/architecture body powerful-->face worried |
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| Circa 323 BCE (the death of Alexander) to roughly 146 BCE (the annexation of Greece to the Roman Republic). |
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Laokoon and His Sons a statue in the Hellenistic style, probably a Roman copy from the first century CE, of a mid second century original. Kostoff:The classical hero is ethical! Classical art often shows the hero caught in the moment of decision, his dilema unresolved Because the image eliciting a predictable response, we are forced into sympathy, which means feeling for, not with. |
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Bassae, Temple of Apollo Late 5th Cent. BCE NorthSouth orientation Doric Columned peristyle, ionic inner column inner columns engaged-->freeing middle interior space One interior corinthian column Metal enforcements in ceiling here the ionic capitals are purely decorative UNDOING OF CLASSICAL UNITY BETWEEN STRUCTURE & APPEARANCE |
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Temple of Apollo at Didyma erected over the sixth century BCE structure that was begun in the fourth century BCE and never finished. Double Peristyle Revision of Ionic Order: @ Didyma the columns are the tallest & slimmest of any greek temple Start of "historiated capitals." Capitals that depict Zeus, Apollo, or Leo. Devotee must pass the 5 rows of columns and then descend down a ramp into the large open-aired hall. |
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Hellenistic Athenian Agora Plan 1st Century BCE Hellenistic architects made modifications to pre-existing Greek plans. The once bent stoa on the south side was straightened. another stoa further north has pushed back the odd-shaped public space Bema(speaking platform installed) |
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PERGAMON A city that became the capital of the Attalid Kingdom during the Hellenistic period. The Attalid dynasty ruled from 281to133 BC. The Attalids allied with Rome, against Macedon, during the Macedonian wars. Pergamon saw itself as an inheritor of the Athenian legacy. The construction of an Akropolis, then, can be seen as a direct result of such an attribution. |
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island that became an important trading post and center of aegean grain market under Romans 136 BCE Larger halls were developed to better facilitate flourishing trade Picture on pgs 178 & 179 (I don't believe we covered this, so i'm not sure the parts to highlight) |
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