-Lorenzo Medici

-1488 establishes first art school,

-13 year old Michelangelo is a student

-1492 Lorenzo becomes ill and dies

-Florence split between the secular and religious

-Most Profitable banking family in Europe; greatest Patrons of art

-Giovanni (1360-1429)

-Cosimo (1389-1464)

-Lorenzo (1449-1492)

-interest in uncovering lost knowledge of Classic period

-Lorenzo Medici

-1488 establishes first art school,

-13 year old Michelangelo is a student

-1492 Lorenzo becomes ill and dies

-Florence split between the secular and religious

Donatello, Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo

fed/clothed pope

Bank owner

First interesteed in Pharmacuticals

 New interpretation of Platos philosophies

Reality & Mind

Bridge of Pre-Christian philosphy/Christianity

Greek/Roman gods being painted

(ex. of painting "Bonfire of Vanites")

"Bonfire of the Vanites", by Sandro Botticelli

Example of 'Neoplatonism'

Why is the dome of the Florence Cathedral that was built by Brunelleschi seen as an

important architectural and engineering feat?

Unfinished for a century

Medici commission

studied Pantheon (Roman circular temple)

No scaffolding used

herringbone brick pattern

37,000 tons

4 million bricks

Vasari, Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects, 1550 (1568)

painter and architect allied with the Medici family

collected information on art and artists

divided into three books, “stages ” of development

third stage (in which he lived) was seen as the apex

Vasari’s “Big Three ” discussed in Book Three

Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo Buonarotti

Raphael da Urbino

Preface to Book III: Outlines the advances of the artist in the second stage, then tries to

explain how these were improved in the third stage.

Rule

Order

Proportion

Draughtsmanship

Manner

Leonardo Da Vinci-

chiaroscuro, and understanding of human form, gesture and emotion

Michelangelo- mastery of the human form

Raphael-his understanding of disegno, and abilities with color, linear and

atmospheric perspective.

-not equal to Michelangelo in disegno, but excelled in invenzione

Why are Giotto di Bondone’s frescoes viewed as a break with the previous style of

the Middle Ages?

More natural depiction

use of depth

chiaroscuro

overlapping

illusion of light source

Medieval was more simple

contrapposto

more clothes, more human, inspired by greeks/romans more emotion/expression

How is perspective used to create the illusion of three-dimensional space in a

painting?

Italian "light-dark"

gives the illusion of depth

Bernini- David is Borogue, more life like, in action, more expressive, right about to throw the stone, more clothed, more realistic (although still idealized) proportions

Michelangelo- David is more Renissance, controposto, eyebrow emotion that's about it, body is relaxed, less realistic proportions, hand exaderated, moment before throwing stone, taller

What are two possible interpretations for Jan van Eyck’s Portrait of Giovanni

Arnolfini and His Wife.

marriage document

dog-fidelity

St. Margaret figure

oranges

mirror (God's presence)

signature of artist

Broom- clean sweep

OR
Painting celebrating she's pregnant, not likely holding dress that way was style at the time

What effect did printmaking have on the Renaissance art market?

maps

created class

artists made copies of artwork

peintre-graveurs(painter-engravers)

prints start to be works of art themselves

What are the differences between woodcuts and engravings?

Woodcut- like making a stamp; grain knots are obsticles; you cut away won't get ink

Engraving-what you cut gets the ink "metal on metal" ink stuck in the scratches, high pressure press is needed to squeeze paper into cut

Etching- cover metal in wax, cut/draw in was, drop in acid,given cleaner line, left in too long metal melts away

9th century Bible in Europe

Size

Michelangelo was a sculpture

muscles

Why do many Renaissance images of Moses depict him with horns protruding from his head?

Which sculptor was said to be able to make marble look the most life-like, as if it had become flesh?

What role does the Counter-Reformation play in the development of Italian Baroque art?

What is the role of a patron? How important were they in the history of Renaissance and Baroque art?

Patrons are paying for the art. Artists painted what the patrons wanted

Ex. Renissance: Medici

Borogue- Barbanni Bernine

Why is Giambologna’s

Abduction of the Sabine Women defined as mannerist?

Time period

light-dark drama 

trompe l’oiel

Which period marked a return to Classical ideals and an interest in Humanism?

What is a genre painting?

What is a camera obscura and how might it have been used in the assistance of creating art?

light as seen through a lense reflected 

flattened a 3d picture to make it easier to paint

pinhole camera method

Explain why there are so few female artists included in the art history of the Renaissance and Baroque.

Men were writing history, women didn't have access to education or money

In regards to the

Italian Baroque, what is significant about the “Spiritual Exercises” of

Ignatius of Layola?

highest emotional response

2nd coming paintings judgement etc

something that scares you

dramatic lighting

appealing to emotions

Jan Vermeer

View of Delft, c.1662. 38 1/2” x 46 1/4”

Vermeer,

What is contrapposto?

shifting in weight

more natural

4 parts divided

Donatello David

First free standing nude male since classic period

A "painter-graver"

ex. Jacopo de' Barbari

Why might the story of Susanna and the Elders have been very popular with European painters?

Story from Catholic Bible,

excuse to paint a naked woman with scolding from church

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane

1638-41, facade 1665-76

style of Louie the XV

first developed in the decorative arts

designs were lighter with more curves and natural patterns

softer than Borogue

warm soft lines

Academy training stressed the study of Classic sculpture.

Highest Forms of Painting: 1) History; 2) Portrait; 3) Historiated Landscape.

Lower Forms: landscape, still life, genre painting