Cezanne; A Modern Olympia 

• Was concerned with discovering the essence of objectivity
• Inspired by Manet's Olympia
• Critics, "He seems to be nothing but a sort of jittery fool painting in delirium tremens." 

Cezanne, Still Life With Compotier

• Created a sense of solidity that fits with what the mind knows is there rather than what the eye perceives to be there  

Cezanne, The Mardi Gras

• Influential on Picasso 
• Cezanne's son, Paul, and his friend dressed in costumes
• Paul stands with his leg disproportionately elongated, the integrity of his natural form made subordinate to the demands of the composition

Cezanne, The Boy in a Red Vest

• The arms play an important role in the division of space
• They are disproportionate to the body
• There is an overall concern for the use of geometric forms, the basis for Cézanne's method    

Cezanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire With Large Pine

• Increasingly simplified composition
• The use of line less and less apparent
• The expression of space more and more intellectualized    

Seurat, Sunday Afternoon on Ile de la Grande Jatte

• Divisionist technique of placing small dots of complementary colors next to one another    
• Middle-class families enjoying themselves on a Sunday afternoon
• The deeper subject is uncertain
• there is a feeling of a between-world, like the island itself in the middle of the Seine; that is, neither town nor country    

Seurat, La Chauhut

• Henry's theory of pleasure-and-pain to repeat the symbol of festivity
•  Its shallow space shows more of the scene than could actually be seen from any given point
• This would later become Cubist practice
• Braque especially admired the work      

Redon, Vision

• There is no explanation, and there is no counterpart in lived experience 
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Redon, Cyclops

• Changed in the 1890's toward more complex harmonies of color 
• "Colors contain a joy which relaxes me; besides, they sway me towards something different and new.  Yet I could not speak to you of my projects—one doesn't know the art of tomorrow."