Term
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Definition
Claus SLUTER (active 1379-1406),
Chartreuse de Champmol, Dijon (France) Portal and Well of Moses, 1385-1393, limestone
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Definition
Nicola PISANO (1220-84)
Pisa Baptistery Pulpit ca.1260, Nativity, marble
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Definition
Giovanni CIMABUE (1240-1302)
Madonna Enthroned ca. 1280, tempera on wood
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Definition
GIOTTO di Bondone
Madonna Enthroned (Ognissanti Madonna) ca. 1310, tempera on wood
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Definition
GIOTTO di Bondone (1267-1337)
The fresco cycles in the Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel at Padua ca. 1305
Lamentation
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Term
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Definition
GIOTTO di Bondone (1267-1337)
The fresco cycles in the Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel at Padua ca. 1305
Christ Entering Jerusalem
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Term
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Definition
DUCCIO di Buoninsegna (active 1278-1318)
The Maesta Altarpiece 1308-11, tempera and gold on panel
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Definition
DUCCIO di Buoninsegna (active 1278-1318)
The Maesta Altarpiece 1308-11, tempera and gold on panel
Madonna Enthroned (front, central panel)
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Definition
DUCCIO di Buoninsegna (active 1278-1318)
The Maesta Altarpiece 1308-11, tempera and gold on panel
Christ Entering Jerusalem
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Term
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Definition
LIMBOURG BROTHERS (Paul, Herman, Jean)
Illuminations from Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry c. 1413-16, ink on vellum
July page
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Term
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Definition
Robert CAMPIN (Master of Flemalle, ca. 1378-1444)
Merode Altarpiece, (open), ca.1425-1430, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
Jan VAN EYCK (ca. 1390-1441)
The Madonna in a Church, c. 1425-30s
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Term
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Definition
Jan VAN EYCK (ca. 1390-1441)
Ghent Altarpiece, (open and closed positions), St Bavo Cathedral, Ghent (Belgium), 1432, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
Jan VAN EYCK (ca. 1390-1441)
The Arnolfini Wedding Portrait, 1434, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
Jan VAN EYCK (ca. 1390-1441)
Man in a Red Turban, 1433, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
ROGIER van der Weyden (ca. 1400-1464)
Descent from the Cross, ca. 1435, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
ROGIER van der Weyden (ca. 1400-1464)
Saint Luke Painting the Virgin, c.1435-40
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Term
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Definition
HUGO van der Goes (ca.1440-1482)
Portinari Altarpiece, (open), ca.1476, tempera & oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
Hieronymous BOSCH (c. 1450-1516)
The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1510-15. Triptych. Oil on wood
Left panel: The Garden of Eden
Center panel: The World Before the Flood
Right panel: Hell
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Term
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Definition
Lorenzo GHIBERTI, 1378-1455
Sacrifice of Isaac, 1401-2, competition panel, gilded bronze
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Term
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Definition
Lorenzo GHIBERTI, 1378-1455
“Gates of Paradise” 1425-52, East bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery
The Story of Jacob and Esau (east doors)
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Term
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Definition
DONATELLO, ca. 1386-1466
Feast of Herod, ca. 1425, baptismal font of Siena Cathedral, gilded bronze
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Term
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Definition
DONATELLO, ca. 1386-1466
Saint Mark, 1411-1413, Or San Michele, Florence, marble
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Term
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Definition
DONATELLO, ca. 1386-1466
Saint George, 1423-1425, Or San Michele, Florence, marble
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Term
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Definition
DONATELLO, ca. 1386-1466
David, 1440-50, bronze
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Term
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Definition
DONATELLO, ca. 1386-1466
Gattamelata, 1445-1450, bronze
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Term
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Definition
| a devotional book popular in the Middle Ages. It is the most common type of surviving medieval illuminated manuscript. Like every manuscript, each manuscript book of hours is unique in one way or another, but most contain a similar collection of texts, prayers and psalms, often with appropriate decorations, for Christian devotion |
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Term
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Definition
| a white paint mixture consisting of a binder mixed with chalk, gypsum, pigment, or any combination of these.[1] It is used in artwork as a preparation for any number of substrates such as wood panels, canvas and sculpture as a base for paint and other materials that are applied over it. |
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Definition
| term for painting executed entirely in monochrome or near-monochrome, usually in shades of grey. |
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Term
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Definition
| mammal skin prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books |
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Term
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Definition
| a manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. |
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Term
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Definition
BRUNELLESCHI
Florence Cathedral dome, 1420-36
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Term
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Definition
BRUNELLESCHI
Ospedale degli Innocenti, (Hospital of the Innocents) begun 1421, Florence
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Term
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Definition
Leon Battista ALBERTI
Façade of Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, 1446-1451
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Term
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Definition
MASACCIO , 1401-28
Brancacci Chapel frescoes, Sta. Maria del Carmine, Florence, c. 1425-27
Tribute Money
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Term
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Definition
MASACCIO , 1401-28
Brancacci Chapel frescoes, Sta. Maria del Carmine, Florence, c. 1425-27
Expulsion from Eden
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Term
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Definition
MASACCIO , 1401-28
Brancacci Chapel frescoes, Sta. Maria del Carmine, Florence, c. 1425-27
Trinity, fresco, Sta. Maria Novella, Florence, c.1428
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Definition
PIERO della Francesca, 1420-92
Double Portrait of Battista Sforza and Frederico da Montefeltro, c. 1472, oil & tempera on panel
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Term
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Definition
PIERO della Francesca, 1420-92
Enthroned Madonna and Saints Adored by Frederico da Montefeltro, (Brera Altarpiece), c. 1473, oil on panel
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Definition
Andrea MANTEGNA, 1431-1506
Frescoes for the Camera Picta, Ducal Palace, Mantua, 1474
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Term
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Definition
Sandro BOTTICELLI, 1445-1510
Primavera, 1482, tempera on panel
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Term
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Definition
Sandro BOTTICELLI, 1445-1510
Birth of Venus, c. 1485, tempera on panel
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Term
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Definition
PERUGINO, ca. 1450-1523
Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, 1481-83, Sistine Chapel,Vatican, fresco
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Term
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Definition
Giovanni BELLINI
St Francis in Ecstasy, ca. 1480, oil and tempera on panel
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Term
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Definition
Giovanni BELLINI
Madonna and Saints (San Zaccaria Altarpiece), 1505, oil on panel
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Term
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Definition
a political dynasty, banking family and later royal house that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de' Mediciin the Republic of Florence during the late 14th century. They fostered and inspired the birth of the Italian Renaissance along with other families of Italy
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Definition
| an Italian term used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. |
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Definition
| characterized by strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. |
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Term
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Definition
| circular window, a feature of Classical architecture since the 16th century. |
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Term
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Definition
| an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| the modern term for a school of religious and mystical philosophy that took shape in the 3rd century AD, based on the teachings of Plato and earlier Platonists, with its earliest contributor believed to be Plotinus, and his teacher Ammonius Saccas |
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Definition
MICHELANGELO Buonarroti, 1475-1564
Pieta, c. 1498
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Term
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Definition
MICHELANGELO Buonarroti, 1475-1564
Moses, 1513-15 from the Tomb of Julius II
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Term
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Definition
LEONARDO da Vinci, 1452-1519
Madonna of the Rocks, ca. 1485, oil on panel transferred to canvas
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Term
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Definition
LEONARDO da Vinci, 1452-1519
The Fetus and Lining of the Uterus (Embryo in the Womb), 1511-13, pen and ink
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Term
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Definition
MICHELANGELO Buonarroti, 1475-1564
Frescoes on the Sistine Chapel, 1508-12, Vatican, Rome
The Fall of Man and Expulsion from the Garden of Eden
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Term
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Definition
MICHELANGELO Buonarroti, 1475-1564
Frescoes on the Sistine Chapel, 1508-12, Vatican, Rome
Last Judgment, 1534-41
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Term
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Definition
RAPHAEL Sanzio, 1483-1520
La Belle Jardiniere 1507, oil on panel
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Term
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Definition
RAPHAEL Sanzio, 1483-1520
Frescoes from the Stanza della Segnatura, (papal library) Vatican, 1509-11
The School of Athens
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Term
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Definition
GIORGIONE ( Giorgio da Castelfranco ), ca. 1477-1510
The Tempest, c.1510, oil on canvas
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Term
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Definition
GIORGIONE ( Giorgio da Castelfranco ), ca. 1477-1510
Pastoral Symphony, c. 1508, oil on canvas
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Term
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Definition
TITIAN ( Tiziano Vecellio ), ca. 1490-1576
Bacchanal, c. 1518
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Term
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Definition
TITIAN ( Tiziano Vecellio ), ca. 1490-1576
The Pesaro Madonna, 1526, oil on canvas
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Term
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Definition
TITIAN ( Tiziano Vecellio ), ca. 1490-1576
Venus of Urbino, 1538, oil on canvas
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Term
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Definition
TITIAN ( Tiziano Vecellio ), ca. 1490-1576
Danae, c. 1544-46
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Term
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Definition
Giovanni BOLOGNA, 1529-1608)
The Rape of the Sabine Woman, 1583
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Term
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Definition
Jacobo DA PONTORMO, 1494-1557
The Entombment, Capponi Chapel, 1526-28, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
PARMIGIANINO, 1503-1540
Self Portrait, 1524, oil on panel
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Term
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Definition
PARMIGIANINO, 1503-1540
Madonna with the Long Neck, ca. 1535, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
BRONZINO, 1503-1572
Allegory of Venus, ca. 1546, oil on wood
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Term
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Definition
BRONZINO, 1503-1572
Portrait of Eleanora of Toledo, ca. 1550
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Term
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Definition
TINTORETTO, 1518-1594
Last Supper, San Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, 1594, oil on canvas
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Term
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Definition
Paolo VERONESE, 1528-1588
Christ in the House of Levi (Last Supper), 1573, oil on canvas
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Term
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Definition
| nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" (Il Papa Terribile)[1] and "The Warrior Pope" (Il Papa Guerriero),[2], born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. His papacy was marked by an active foreign policy, ambitious building projects, and patronage for the arts. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the four canonical painting modes of the Renaissance (the other three being Cangiante, Chiaroscuro, and Unione).[1] It corresponds to the concept of 'low-contrast' in photography. The Italian word sfumato (pp. ofsfumare, 'to vanish' or 'to shade') captures the idea precisely. The finished product appears as though a veil of smoke had drifted between the subject of the painting and the viewer, adding some brightness to the pure darks and blocking some of the pure brights of the subject. |
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Term
| Stanza della Segnatura (the pope's private library) |
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Definition
"Room of Signature", One of four of "Raphael's rooms" at the Vatican. Contains The School of Athens.
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Term
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Definition
| a period of European art that emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when a more Baroque style began to replace it, but Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century throughout much of Europe.[1]Stylistically, Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals and restrained naturalism associated with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. Mannerism is notable for its intellectual sophistication as well as its artificial (as opposed to naturalistic) qualities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the European Christian reform movement that established Protestantism as a constituent branch of contemporary Christianity. It was led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other Protestants. The self-described "reformers" (who "protested") objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Catholic Church, and created new national Protestant churches. The Catholics responded with a Counter Reformation, led by the Jesuit order, which reclaimed large parts of Europe |
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Term
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Definition
the period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War, 1648 as a response to the Protestant Reformation. The Counter-Reformation was a comprehensive effort, composed of four major elements:
- Ecclesiastical or structural reconfiguration
- Religious orders
- Spiritual movements
- Political dimensions
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Term
| Council of Trent/The Inquisition |
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Definition
16th-century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. It is considered to be one of the Church's most important[1] councils. The council issued condemnations on what it defined as Protestant heresies and defined Church teachings in the areas of Scripture and Tradition, Original Sin, Justification, Sacraments, the Eucharist in Holy Mass and the veneration of saints. It issued numerous reform decrees.[3] |
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Term
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Definition
| a technique used in painting, where paint is laid on an area of the surface (or the entire canvas) very thickly, usually thickly enough that the brush or painting-knife strokes are visible. Paint can also be mixed right on the canvas. When dry, impasto provides texture, the paint coming out of the canvas. |
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