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Dome of the Florence Cathedral Filippo Brunelleschi Florence 1418-36

-Double shell masonry. (Octagonal outer shell)

-considered a triumph of engineering

-Brunelleschi was considered  a "pioneer" in Renaissance architectural design. 

-Dome to a point to reduce weight at the top.

-Brunelleschi fashioned special scaffolding/hoisting devices during the construction of the dome. 

Church of San Lorenzo Filippo Brunelleschi Florence 1421-1470 (15th Century)

-Patron: Cosimo de' Medici

-Basilica Plan with a long nave. 

-Plan based on a modular system.  (Measurement proportional to the space of the "crossing"

-Idea of rational spaces, in harmony with one another.

-pietra serena, grayish stone used a lot by Brunelleshi

Vitruvian Man Leonardo Ink 1490

-da Vinci ink depiction of Vitruvius' idea of human ideal proportion.

-essentially an illustration of the idea in De architectura

Tempietto Bramante Rome, Italy 1502-10

-High Renaissance architecture in Rome.

-Meant to mark the site where St. Peter was martyred.

-"Recycling" of Roman Columns

-Bramante used architectural principals from Vitruvius and Leon Battista Alberti 

    -stepped base

    -Doric Columns

    -frieze

-Bramantes original design called for a circular cloister around the temple. Never created. Obviously. 

Saint Peter's Basilica Rome, Italy, Bramante, Michaelangelo, Carlo Maderno

-Commissioned by Pope Julius II

-Bramante: Greek Cross Plan

-Michaelangelo: Central Plan

-Maderno: Adds a nave to Mich's central plan, emphasis on procession and congregational worship. (Counter Reformation Period) 

Baldacchino Gianlorenzo Bernini gilt bronze St. Peter's Vatican, Rome 1656-57

-over shrine of St. Peter 

-special kind of columns... I can't spell the term correctly... ??

Piazza St. Peter Gianlorenzo Bernini Vatican, Rome 1656-57

-Concetto concept

-Embracing arms of the church. 

San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane Francesco Borromini Rome 1638-41 (structure) 1665-67 (facade)

-"Saint Charles at the Four Fountains" 

-Counter Reformation time.

-Elongated central plan to accomodate the location.

-Coffers in geometric shapes create the illusion of a dramatic height in the ceiling.

-Borromini with this design was considered very innovative, Borromini was the first to think of architectural elements as "malable" things.