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Definition
Gustave Courbet
The Stone Breakers
Realism
Founder of Realism
Shows everyday people (not nobility) |
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Jean-Francis Millet
The Gleaners
Realism
Painting the poor rather than nobility
No individuality because it doesn't show their faces
Peasants are seen as part of nature
Uses colors not found in nature in a believable way |
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Honorè Daumier
The Third-Class Carriage
Realism
Shows peasants rather than nobility
Everyday women feeding her baby |
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Definition
Rose Bonheur
The Horse Fair
Realism
Everyday People rather than painting Nobility
ADD MORE |
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Eduardo Manet
Luncheon on The Grass
Realism
Bridge from Realism to Impressionism
Loose Brush Stroke
Direct eye contact (radical form)
The woman in the back is out of proportion
Changed Greek Gods into regular people (radical content)
Prostitute is the main subject (radical content)
Held in France rather than some fantasy land (radical content) |
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Olympia
Eduardo Manet
Realism
Pale color (radical form)
Cat symbolizes sexuality (radical content)
Body is drawn linear (radical form)
Black Woman was not a slave (radical content due to race and class)
Starring directly at the audience wanting to be wooed (radical content)
Not a good but rather a normal person (prostitute) (radical content)
Feminist because she is confident while she is naked |
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Definition
John Everett Millias
Ophelia
Romanticism
Content: Ophelia kills herself because Hamlet doesn't give her attention
Pre-Raphaelite (partially romanticism in contemporary times)
Romanticism women are the tragic subject |
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The Artist's Studio
Daguerre
Developed a way to get readily available quick clean images |
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Definition
A Harvest of Death
Timothy O'Sullivan
Realism
Photography is evidence taken as truth
First accurate depiction of war (not glorified like paintings) |
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Definition
Horse Galloping
Eadweard Muybridge
stop-motion
Photography is used to answer scientific questions (whether or not all of a horses legs leave the ground at the same time)
Used to answer question of motion our eyes could not detect
Muybridge made a study of motion through the use of photography |
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Ophelia
Julia Cameron Margaret
Romanticism
Shows emotion content of images through color choices (browns and sad colors)
Shows emotion through facial expressions |
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Definition
Sir Joseph Paxton
Crystal Palace
Use of Iron and steel changed architecture (allowed for use of glass and arches)
World Fairs were held in the Crystal palace (first type of malls) |
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Brooklyn Bridge
John August Roebling
1st suspension Bridge
Weight is distributed evenly along the suspension cables
1867 |
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Definition
The Rehearsal
Edgar Degas
Impressionism
Not proper perspective (proportions are incorrect)
Cropping in the staircase
Multiple points of view merging simultaneously
Room is curving seen in the lines
Class is shown by the patron in the back hiring people
Portrays the fleeting moment through the loose brush stroke |
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Definition
Saint-Lazare Train Station
Claude Monet
Impressionism
Everyday Life
Loose Brush Stroke
Hue modeling
Cropping |
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Definition
Summer's Day
Berthe Morisot
Impressionism
Loose Brush stroke portraying a fleeting moment
Impressionist
Middle Class leisure
Cropping in the boat
Radical Content: Women are not sexual objects |
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Definition
The Child's Bath
Mary Cassatt
Impressionism
Multiple points of view (seen from both a top view of the legs and a straight view of the bodies)
1891 |
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Definition
Dance At Le Moulin de la Galette
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Impressionism
Middle Class leisure
Not impressionist
One point of view
1876 |
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Definition
Jane Avril
Toulouse-Lautrec
Art Nouveau
Wealthy
Multiple points of view (straight on the dancer as well as a top view from behind the musician)
1893 |
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Definition
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
Georges Seurat
Pointillism
Perceived holistically through color combinations
Middle Class leisure
Post-impressionist
Hue modeling seen in the grass through the use of yellow and blue in the green grass |
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Definition
Mout Saint-Victoire Seen From Les Lauves
Paul Cezzane
Post impressionism / cubism
Hue modeling in the mountain through the use of green to add to the purple
Reduced form to shapes as seen in the houses being squares and triangles
1902 |
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Definition
The Large Bathers
Paul Cezanne
post impressionism
Uses Bodies to create a triangle in the middle of the image
Loose brush Stroke
Use of Complementary colors such as green and blue
1906 |
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Definition
The Apparition
Gustave Moreau
Symbolism
Detailed unlike impressionist works with loose brush stroke
Content: Women uses sexuality to bring upon someones downfall
1876 |
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Definition
Cyclops
Odilon Redon
Symbolism
Hue Modeling
Complementary Colors (pairing greens and blues)
1898 |
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Definition
The Dream
Henri Rousseau
Surrealism
Detailed (Doesn't use loose brush stroke)
Naked Women lying in a similar fashion to Olympia
1910
LOOK FOR BETTER INFO |
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Definition
Christ's Entry into Brussels
James Ensor
precursor to expressionism
Content: What would have happened if Christ came to Brussels to preach
Ensor uses Palette knives and spatulas in response to pointillism
1888
LOOK FOR MORE INFO |
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Definition
Where do We Come From? What are we? Where are we going?
Paul Gauguin
post impressionism
Super Saturated colors (dark colors)
Simplified (making an impression rather than making it believable)
Girl Grabbing Apple= Eve
Nudity portrays the women of Tahiti as people with looser sexual morals
Uses God statue in order to portray people from Tahiti as uncivilized
Flattening of Canvas |
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Definition
The Night Cafe
Vincent Van Gogh
post impressionism
Used Bright colors due to his setting in southern France
Radical Form: Table's vanishing point is in our space
Hue Modeling seen in the rays of light having green and red properties in the yellow
Radical Form: Lights being geometrically shaped as circles |
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Definition
The Peacock Skirt
Aubrey Beardsley
art nouveau
Peacock in the corner is both seductive as well as dangerous not submissive
The peacock skirt breaks gender roles because it shows she is in control of her own sexuality
Japanese aesthetic design is seen in the pattern of the dress
1894 |
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Definition
Water Lily Lamp
Louis Comfort Tiffany
art nouveau
Made from Favrile Glass
Combines lead and Glass in order to bend into forms
Art Nuveau |
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Definition
The Kiss
Gustave Klimt
Art Nuveau
Geometric Shapes (rectangle for men and flowery decorative for women)
Romantic notions/ideals |
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Definition
The Cry
Edvard Munch
Post Impressionist / Expressionism
Hyper extension of the pier
Dark emotion (anxiety)
Cropping of the pier
Use of complementary colors in the sky |
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Definition
Casa Mila
Antonio Gaudi
Modernista
Art Nuveau?
Organic Shapes (not linear)
Built out of a cliff side |
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Definition
Carson, Pirie, Scott Building
Louis Sullivan
Horrizontal lines on the side emphasize the horrizontal length
Vertical lines on the corner emphasize the vertical height
Steele Cage Construction (not masonry) |
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Definition
Robie House
Frank Lloyd Wright
Counter-leaver
Radical Form: No grand entrance
Wright did not believe in populism (mass production)
Small rooms and low ceilings because he is short
Wright created the entire house (furniture, interior and exterior) |
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Definition
Garden View
Adolf Loos
attacked vienna secession
Form follows function (make it look like what it is made of)
Secretely 4 floors with (a basement and a fourth floor hidden by the roof)
1928 |
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Definition
Le Vonhue de Vivre (The Joy of Life)
Henry Matisse
fauvism
Beauty is found in the color combinations rather than "she is so beautiful"
Simplified forms on the bodies
Hue modeling in the sand with the use of orange red and yellow in the sand |
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Term
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Definition
Red Room
Henri Matisse
fauvism
No depth
Flat plane
Unmodulated color |
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Definition
Self-Portrait with an Amber Necklace
Paula Modersohn-Becker
Expressionism
Uses color and radical form to portray emotional content
Gazing into the audience as to show she has no shame and is goddess-like
Amber necklace and nature is used to symbolize Goddess-ness |
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Definition
Street, Dresden
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
expressionism
A part of die Brucka
Uses color to express emotional content
Average people in the city
Hue modeling is used in the ground with the blue yellow and red
Attacking more violent brush stroke
Abstraction in their faces |
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Term
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Definition
Improvisation 28
Vassily Kandinsky
abstract
Der Blau Reiter
Had synesthesia which made him hear colors
Horse Rider symbolized his crusade against the conventional belief of beauty and wanted a more spiritual future through the power of art |
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Definition
Animal Destinies
Franz Marc
expressionism
Uses intersecting planes to create multiple POVs
Uses crazy colors in order to show freedom
Animals represent our true inner selves
German Expressionist
Der Blau Reiter |
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Definition
Nude Self Portrait
Egon Schiele
Expressionism |
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Definition
Women of Avignon
Pablo Picasso
Cubism
Simplification of form into geometric shapes
African Masks are used on the women's faces
Uses multiple points of view of the African masks
Content: Brothel
Bodies are blended into the background |
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Definition
The Portuguese
Georges Braque
Analytical Cubism - seen in the reduction of the form into geometric shapes and the multiple POVs of each part
Intersecting planes provide multiple angles of the same object
Radical form: Use of Text in the painting |
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Definition
Still Life with Chair Caning
Pablo Picasso
cubism
Circular canvas with birds eye view of coffee table and regular view of the contents on the table
JOU letters used often by Picasso --> first three letters of the word meaning play because he played around and tried new things
Synthetic Cubism |
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Definition
Woman Combing Her Hair
Alexander Archipenko
Cubism ish
Succeeds in making the cubist ideals palpable
Cubism (reduction to geometric shapes)
Uses negative space in order to create the profile of the women |
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Definition
Bird in Space
Constantin Brancusi
futurism / abstract
The base is a part of the statue
Neo-Platonist
Wanted this to be built as a one mile high statue because he believed it would bring upon perfection in the world |
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Definition
From Slavery Through Reconstruction, from aspects of a Negro life
Aaron Douglas
harlem renaissance
Art for art’s sake
After WW1
Orphism and cubist both used in this painting |
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Term
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Definition
The City
Fernand Leger
Cubist
Intersecting planes
Simplification to shapes makes it cubist |
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Definition
Armored Train
Severini
Italian Futurist
Fearlessness and danger are shown through the people shooting guns
Simplification to geometric shapes |
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Term
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Definition
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Boccioni
Italian Futurist
Standing in the same pose as the Nike of Samothrace
Polished metal alludes to the sleek machinery loved by the Italian futurist |
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Definition
Twittering Machine
Klee
Bauhaus
Teacher in Bau House
Color Combinations
Symbolizes the combination of the natural and industrial by making the birds be a part of a machine |
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Term
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Definition
Collage arranged according to the laws of Chance
Arp
Dadaism
Thought of random but is still on X and Y Axis
After WW1 |
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Definition
Airplane Flying
Malevich
Suprematism bc of the composition
The white background symbolizes the boundless space of the ideal
Invented Suprematism |
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Term
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Definition
The Bride Stripped Bare by her Bachelors
Duchamp
Dada
Influenced by Sigmund Freud
Interested in repressed sexuality
Cracked glass completed this art piece |
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Term
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Definition
Fountain
Duchamp
Dada
Radical Content: It's a urinal, is that art?
Duchamp repurposed it did not create it
Non-retinal art
R. Mott is a play on words with an american plumbing company to make fun of americans for saying their technology is their art. |
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Definition
Cut with a Kitchen Knife
Hoch
Collage
Dadaism
Created through the use of the laws of chance and randomness |
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Term
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Definition
Women with Dead Child
Kollwitz
Dadaism
Used as a political statement post WW1 |
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Term
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Definition
Merz 19
Schwitters
his own form of dada called merz
Wasn’t considered a part of Dadaism
combines collage and randomness
The total art
Dadaist |
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Definition
Architectonic Painting
Popova
abstract
Cyrillic alphabet
Influence from Picasso
Aspects of Abstraction |
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Term
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Definition
Model for Monument to the Third International
Tatlin
Utopian thinker
Communist Soviet Art
Russian Avant Garde |
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Term
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Definition
Blessed Art Thou Among Women
Kasebier
realism
Kodak Company drove photography for 100 years
Explored photography as it’s own art |
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Term
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Definition
The Steerage
Stieglitz
Cropping
Represents the everyday scene
Abstraction can be created through cropping and different amounts of space in everyday images |
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Term
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Definition
Germany, a Winter's Tale
Grosz
After WW1
New Objectivity (Done with abstraction) movement
Military generals living a great life while regular citizens are devastated |
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Term
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Definition
Otto Dix
Der Krieg
New Objectivity
WW1
Depicts the terror of WW1
Interest in the primal |
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Definition
Night
Beckmann
expressionism
Uses abstraction and cubist ideals to portray the horrors
The tied of man and women could represent an incoming rape scene
Said that he did so to portray parts of the war scene that could not be otherwise represented |
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Definition
Painting 1933
Miro
Surrealist
Automatism: Wild Brush Strokes
About the unconscious
Go back to simplified colors and forms |
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Term
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Definition
The Persistence of Memory
Dali
Surrealist
Realistic Dream imagery
Naturalism → abstracted to make it seem as if it is being experienced
Melting clocks show the fantastical beliefs of surrealism |
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Term
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Definition
The Treachery of Images
Magritte
surrealist
Most theoretical of surrealist artists
“this is not a pipe” it is an image of a pipe
Naturalist figure
Representation is not about truth
Treachery of images → art is about ideas and thoughts about things not making actual things you can use |
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Definition
Object
Oppenheim
Female Surrealist
Gazelle fur used to make the tea cup surrealist
The Spoon symbolizes a penis
The tea cup is a vagina
Fur symbolizes pubic hair |
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Term
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Definition
Lobster Trap and Fish Tail
Calder
Moving art led to continuous randomness
Dadaism |
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Term
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Definition
Oval Sculpture (No. 2)
Hepworth
Abstraction through the absent space
The absent space is radical content
British artist who had same upbringing as Moore |
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Term
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Definition
Guernica
Picasso
cubism
Legitimized abstractions
Interpenetrating planes
The bull symbolizes darkness
The injured horse is supposed to be the light “dying”
Picassos greatest epic work |
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Term
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Definition
The Two Fridas
Kahlo
primitivism
Feminist art → telling a story from the women’s perspective
Symbolizes the two people that women need to be (someone they love and someone for the public)
Surrealist imagery without some of the Dadaist ideals
Showing two people sharing one heart meaning she needs to be both at once |
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Term
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Definition
Composition No. II
Mondrian
Geometric abstraction
De Stiejl
Neo-plasticity
Balance of Red and the weight of the blue |
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Term
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Definition
Schroder House
Rietveld
De Steijl
Neo-plasticity
Planes are moving out
Rietveld designed the inside as well as the outside
Aesthetics could be both utilitarian as well as appearance |
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Term
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Definition
Column
Gabo
Used Plastics
Geometrically abstract |
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Term
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Definition
Tubular Chair
Breuer
Lines and shapes --> the chair is art
Function and design is yay |
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Term
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Definition
Bauhaus
Gropius
Paul Klee is the founder of the bauhaus
School of international design |
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Term
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Definition
Villa Savoye
Le Corbusier
International style architecture
Mid-Century Modernism
Called homes machines for living
Uninterrupted windows wanted building plans to be open
Entered on the first floor and would not be used
Third floor is the garden floor
Utopian thinker
Geometric abstraction |
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Definition
Model for a Glass Skyscraper
Van Der Rohe
Propagated the international style around the world
Imagined as huge glass fishbowls
Completely transparent |
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