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| n. A luxurious handmade book with painted illustrations and decorations. |
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| n. the writing studio of a monastery. |
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| n. The facade and towers at the western end (Westwerk) of a medieval church, principally in Germany. In contemporaneous documents, the westwork is called a castellum (Latin, “castle” or “fortress”) or turris (“tower”). |
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| n. a monastery courtyard, usually with covered walks or ambulatories along its sides. |
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| n. an opening in a wall of a building, gate or fortification, especially a grand entrance to an important structure. |
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| n. The space enclosed by a lintel and an arch over a doorway. |
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| n. In church architecture, the pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of the doorway. |
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| n. In architecture, the side posts of a doorway. |
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| n. In medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transept. |
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| n. The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle. |
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| n. A circular stained-glass window. |
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| n. The space in a cruciform church formed by the intersection of the nave and the transept. |
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| n. A relatively slender, molded masonry arch that projects from a surface. In Gothic architecture, the ribs form the framework of the vaulting. A diagonal rib is one of the ribs that form the X of a groin vault. A transverse rib crosses the nave or aisle at a 90-degree angle. |
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| n. consists typically of an inclined member carried on an arch or a series of arches and a solid buttress to which it transmits lateral thrust. |
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| n. A large, mound-shaped Buddhist shrine. |
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| n. Sanskrit term for the sacred diagram of the universe; Japanese, mandara. |
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| n. Hindi, “womb chamber.” In Hindu temples, the cella, the holy inner sanctum often housing the god’s image or symbol. |
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| n. absence of material representations of the natural and supernatural world in various cultures, particularly in the monotheistic Abrahamic religions. It may extend from only God and deities to saint characters, all living beings, and everything that exists. |
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| n. a sculptor's mold (as of plaster of paris) that can be removed from the cast in pieces. |
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| n. philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events. |
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| n. In Asian art, a horizontal painted scroll that is unrolled right to left, section by section, and often used to present illustrated religious texts or landscapes. |
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| n. Japanese, “cord markings.” A type of Japanese ceramic technique characterized by ropelike markings. |
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| n. a Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power ( kami ) in both animate and inanimate things. |
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| n. An East Asian tower, usually associated with a Buddhist temple, having a multiplicity of winged eaves; thought to be derived from the Indian stupa. |
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| n. central figure of Pure Land Buddhism, a Mahayana sect; made rebirth in the Western Paradise (or Pure Land) available to anyone who calls on his name in faith. |
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| n. a member of a prehistoric people inhabiting the coast of Veracruz and western Tabasco on the Gulf of Mexico ( circa 1200–400 BC), who established what was probably the first Meso-American civilization. |
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| n. a series of ancient geoglyphs in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru. |
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| n. Ceremonial mounds built in the shape of animals or birds by native North American peoples. |
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| n. In Africa, a dancing ceremony in which the participants wear masks. |
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| n. The clay used to make a kind of sun-dried mud brick of the same name; a building made of such brick. |
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