• Sanctuary of Delphi, Greece
• 530 BCE/Archaic Period
• Pan-hellenic
• Theater and Track held Pytheon Games
• Home of Apollo's oracle

• Siphnian Treasury
• 530 BCE; Archaic Period
• City-states show off their status and wealth through the extravagance of their treasuries.
• Part of the Sanctuary of Delphi
• Ionic style: frieze, caryatids 
• Frieze: Depicts "Gigantomachy" a battle of gods vs giants, order vs chaos.  

• "Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game"
• by Exekias
• 540-530 BCE/Archaic Period
• Black figure technique, shows extreme detail and a symmetrical/balance composition 

• "Bilingual Vase"
• 520 BCE/Archaic Period
• Same scene as Exekias', but is in red figure

• "Dancing Revelers" 
• Euthymides 
• 510 BCE
• Red figure
• Playing with movement and composite views; twisting, moving figures.

• "Women at the Fountain House"
• Priam Painter
• 520-510 BCE/Archaic Period
• Black figure hydra--for water

• "Sarpedon, Sleep, and Death"
• Euphronios 
• 515 BCE/Archaic Period
• Red figure crater
• Balanced composition
• Narrative of Sarpedon's death

• "Herakles wrestling Antaios"
• Euphronios 
• 510 BCE/Archaic Period
• Battle between Giant and Herakles represents battle between uncivilized and civilized realms.

• "Symposium"
• Douris
• Archaic Period 
• Drinking, playing music, and games.
• Women only present as prostitutes 

• "Symposium"
• Nikias Painter
• Archaic Period
• Depicts another symposium scene, woman present playing music.

• "Girl Preparing to Bathe"
• Onesimos
• 490 BCE/Archaic Period

• "Francois Vase"
• Kleitias and Ergotimos 
• 570 BCE
• Depicts battle scenes

• Temple of Aphaia
• 500-480 BCE
• Doric Style
• Represents transition from Archaic period to Classical Period (480-323 BCE) due to the Persian War.

• Top: West Pediment of Temple of Aphaia "Dying Warrior"
• No realistic emotion, meant to "please audience", archaic smile
• Bottom: East Pediment of Temple of Aphaia: "Dying Warrior" 
• Classical Style 
• Depicted more realistically, dying warrior is actually dying, shows pain and defeat, meant to invoke emotion in audience  

• "Kritos Boy"
• 480 BCE/Classical Period
• Contrapposto stance, shift from Egyptian style
• More realistic than past, idealizing the male form--nude

• "Charioteer from Motya"
• 450-440 BCE (Classical)
• Deep contrapostto, movement and feeling

• "Charioteer" 
• 470 BCE (Classical)
• Standing tall, victorious, and focused 
• Dedicatory statue by Polyzalos of Gela  

• "Zeus (or Poseidon)"
• 460-450 BCE (Classical)
• Playing with open stance, human form in movement
• Lightness of bronze = more freedom with stances

• "Riace bronzes"
• Found in the sea near Italy. 
• Few surviving bronzes as they would melt them for weapons
• Lost in shipwreck

• "Doryphoros (spear bearer)"
• Polykleitos 
• 450-440 BCE (Classical)
• Created the canon "perfect man" mathematically
• Becomes the canon form

• "Apoxyomenus (scraper)"
• Lysippos 
• 330 BCE (Late-Classical)
• Lysippo's "perfect form": deep eyes, smaller head
• Causes movement around the outstretched arm

• "Hermes and the infant Dionysos"
• Praxiteles 
• 320-310 (Late-Classical)

• "Bisitun Relief" 
• Persian (6th-5th C BCE)
• Shows Persia conquering forces

• "Frieze of Archers"
• Persian 

• "Achaemenid Rhyton"
• Persian
• Golden Lion Cup

• "Apadana" at Palace of Darius and Xerxes
• Persepolis (capitol), Persian Empire
• 521-465 BCE
• Borrow styles from all over empire, Ionian to Egyptian
• Shows a united empire, outsiders willingly paying tribute to Persia

[image]

• "Darius and Xerxes giving audience"
• 490 BCE
• ceremonial, peaceful, and regal. 

• "Perikles" 
• Kresilas
• 429 BCE
• General rebuilds Athens and builds Akropolis/Parthenon

• "Propylaia"
• 437-432 BCE (Classical) 
• Doric Style
• Entrance to the Acropolis 

• "Parthenon"
• Iktinos and Kallikrates 
• 447-438 BCE (Classical)
• Symbol of democracy and Classical Age
• Dedicated to Athena (Athen's patron Goddess)
• Programs throughout structure promote Greek victory, order, and rational thought

East and West Pediments of the Parthenon:

• Top: West pediment depicts Athena vs Poseidon fighting over Athen's 
• Bottom: Birth of Athena

• "Helios, horses, and Dionysos"
• Idealistic and realistic
• Some are reliefs, some are sculptures in the round placed in pediments of the Parthenon 

• "Three Goddesses"
• From Parthenon pediment
• Diaphanous: Heavy, flowing, & detailed clothing, but can see figures underneath

• "Ionic Frieze" of the Parthenon 
• 440-432 BCE
• Shows union of Greek Empire
• Shows Panathenaic Festival (real event)

• "Athena Parthenos"
• 438 BCE
• Made of marble, bronze, and ivory
• 40 ft high

• Erechtheion 
• 421-405 BCE
• Houses cult statue of Athena (wooden), Poseidon's spring, and Athena's Olive Tree
• Caryatids/Ionic Style

• "Nike" 
• 410 BCE
• Found in small temple for Goddess of Victory on Acropolis
• Diaphanous look of clothing

• "Aphrodite of Knidos"
• Praxiteles
• "340-330 BCE (Late Classical)
• First female nude
• Humanization of Gods (preparing a bath)

• "Grave Stele of Young Hunter"
• Skopas
• 340-330 BCE (Late Classical)
• Deep-set eyes, elongated body.
• Deceased interacting with audience

• "Weary Herakles"
• Lysippos 
• 4th C BCE (Late Classical)
• humanizing God--real emotion shown 
• Narrative built into sculpture

• "Stag Hunt"
• Gnosis
• 300 BCE (Late Classical)
• pebble mosaic 
• Emblema: center piece 

• "Hades Abducting Persephone"
• 336 BCE (Late Classical)
• Wall Painting in a tomb: Marrying Death
• Shows snapshot in time

• "Battle of Issus"
• Philoxenos of Eretria 
• 315 BCE (Late Classical)
• Depicts Alexander the Great fighting Persian King Darius
• No helmet=heroic 

• Polykleitos the Younger Theater at Epidauros
• 350 BCE
• Auditorium: Seating space
• Cunei: Wedge-shaped sections
• Theatron: Whole structure

• "Temple of Apollo" - Paionos and Daphnis
• In Turkey
• 313 BCE (Hellenistic) 
• Dipteral Plan (two sets of columns)
• No pediment and no roof
• Enter through side passages at front
• Courtyard w/ spring
• Mix of Classical Greek, and Eastern roots 

• "Altar of Zeus"
• Pergamon, Turkey 
• 175 BCE (Hellenistic)
• Frieze is below columns, not above
• Depicts Athena battling a giant; dramatic and violent

• "Gallic Chieftain Killing Himself and His Wife"
• Epigonos 
• 230-220 BCE
• Greek victory over Gauls 
• Noble enemy = higher honor of Greeks 

• "Dying Gaul"
• Epigonos 
• 230-220 BCE
• Mustache, bushy hair, and torque all signs of Gaul
• Realism

• "Nike of Samothrace"
• 190 BCE
• Hallmark of Hellenistic Period 
• Dramatic movement--windswept garments 

• "Aphrodite (Venus de Milo)"
• Alexandros 
• 150-125 BCE
• Eroticized/A seductress

• "Sleeping Satyr"
• 230-220 BCE
• Extremely erotic 

• "Seated boxer"
• 100-50 BCE
• Depicts realism of a fight/battle
• Deeper layers of human emotion

• "Drunken Old Woman"
• 3rd/2nd C BCE
• Realism over idealism

• "Demosthenes"
• Polyeuktos 
• 280 BCE
• Honorific statue of a politician/general/philosopher 

• "Laocoon and His Two Sons"
• Athanadoros, Hahesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes
• Early 1st C CE
• Depicts Trojan War Story: Gods punishing Laocoon with snake 
• Moment of action, pain, and suffering

• "Fibula with Orientalizing Lions
• 650 BCE (Orientalizing period)
• Etruscan 
• From tomb; a broach/clasp 
• Symbol of wealth from trade

• "Pendant representing the head of Acheloos" 
• 6th c BCE (Orientalizing Period)
• Etruscan
• Eastern influence (Bull horns)

• "Apulu" 
• 510-500 BCE (Archaic)
• From Etruscan temple roof
• Ionian influence (Korai)
• Archaic smile, but more movement 

• "Sarcophagus with Reclining Couple"
• 520 BCE (Archaic)
• Made of terracotta
• Etruscan: almond eyes, clothing
• Modeled after symposium, but woman present (high status and more freedom) 

• "Banditaccia Necropolis"
• Cerveteri, Italy 
• 7th-2nd C BCE
• Necropolis: network of cemeteries 
• Tumuli: Hut-like mounds w/ subterranean tombs. 
• ETRUSCAN

• "Tomb of the Shields and Chairs"
• 2nd half of the 6th C BCE
• Bedrock carved like local homes
• Features Triclinium (Symposium beds)

• "Tomb of the Reliefs"
• 3rd C BCE
• Another representation of an Etruscan home
• Motifs of the afterlife
• These tombs were for Elites 

• "Tomb of Hunting and Fishing"
• 530-520 BCE 
• Depicts symposium scene at top; below convey pleasures of nature 
• Greeks coping diving boy;etruscans get influence from Egypt 

• "Tomb of the Leopards"
• 480 BCE 
• Etruscan 
• Minoan influence: flesh color
• More symposium scenes 
• Leopards are protecting the tomb

• "Sarcophagus of Ramtha"
• 350-300 BCE (Classical)
• Etruscan
• Eternal marriage embrace; relief represents a marriage scene 

• "Sarcophagus of Lars Pulena"
• Early 2nd C
• Lone figure, side relief represents journey to the afterlife 

• "Capitoline Wolf"
• 500-480 BCE
• Story of Romulus and Remus: symbol of Roman Empire
• Rome beginning to absorb Etruscan Art

• "Chimera of Arezzo"
• first half of 4th C BCE
• Lots of movement and emotion
• bronze

• "Cista with mythical engraving"
• Late 4th C BCE
• held toiletry items 
• Etruscan 

• Porta Marzia (Gate of Mars)
•  Perugia, 2nd C BCE
• Voussoir: wedge-shaped blocks that form the arch
• Pilaster: flat, rectangular decorative columns 

• "Aule Metele"
• Early 1st C BCE
• Transition of Etruscan art to Roman art
• Adlocutio: Leader "wave" representing power and authority

• "Man with portrait busts of his ancestors"
• Late 1st C BCE
• Marble
• Viristic portraiture: super realistic -- old age=wisdom 

• "Head of an old man"
• 50 BCE
• Viristic 

• "Statue of a general"
• 75-50 BCE
• Older head and youthful body represent wisdom and physical strength

• "Denarius with portrait of Julius Caesar
• 44 BCE
• Viristic
• First Roman to put face on coin (prior only Gods were represented)

• "Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus"
• 509 BCE
• Combination of Greek and Etruscan influence: Overhanging roof, empty pediment; Doric columns 

• "Temple of Portunus" 
• 80-70 BCE
• Free standing corinthian columns in front, engaged around
• Stairs only @ front

• "Temple of Vesta"
• Early 1st C BCE 
• Tholos: rounded temple
• Made of concrete
• Etruscan: one staircase; Greek: corinthian columns
• Built into cliff: order over chaos;man over nature

• "Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia"
• Late 2nd C CBE
• Made from concrete
• Consists of: barrel vaults (extended arches) and groin vaults (2 vaults intersecting)

• "Theater complex of Pompey"
• 55 BCE
• Consists of: theater, courtyard, curia, and multiple temples
• Greek influence: theater 
• Theater held violent battles

• "Portrait of Augustus as General"
• 20 BCE
• Adlocutio pose
• Reverts the viristic style (wants to seem youthful)
• Made after death
• Cupid connects him to Caesar and Venus: his ancestors
• His breastplate tells his journey to becoming ruler and legitimizes it. 

• "Forum of Augustus"
• 2 BCE
• Marble, corinthian columns 
• Located next to Caesar's forum
• Houses temples to Venus and Caesar  

• "Maison Carree"
• 1-10 CE
• Combos of Greek and Etruscan influence
• Located in Nimes, France

• "Ara Pacis Augustae"
• 13-9 BCE
• Narrative of Augustus achieving Pax Romana
• Altar-like

• "Procession of Imperial Family" panel from Ara Pacis 
• 13-9 BCE

• "Roma (Tellus?)" from Ara Pacis Augustae 
• 13-9 BCE
• Represents Pax Romana enabling fertility throughout Empire

• "Pont-du-Gard" Aqueduct
• Nimes, France
• 16 BCE
• Made from concrete: Pax Romana a time for engineering and advancement 
• Brought fresh water to the cities 

• "Octagonal Hall of the Domus Aurea of Nero"
• 64-68 CE (Severus and Celer)
• Display of arrogance and power of Nero
• Statue of Nero as sun god at entrance  
• Oculus at top 

• "Colusseum"
• 70-80 BCE
• Made under Vespasian (of Flavian Dynasty)
• Doric->Ionic->Corinthian columns (bottom to top)
• Made of concrete
• Held 50,000 spectators; arranged according to class

• "Arch of Titus"
• 81 CE
• Built by Titus's brother Domitian 
• Commemorates victory over Judea
• "Apotheosis of Titus": becoming a God
• "Spoils of Jerusalem": taking cultural artifacts
• "Triumph of Titus": Seated w/ victory and valor 

• "Forum of Trajan" 
• 112 CE
• Largest forum: Temple of Trajan, Column of Trajan, libraries, Basilica of Ulpia, forum, and equestrian statue of Trajan

• "Column of Trajan"
• 110-112 CE
• Spiraled relief depicts the war against Dacia (Trajan present in scenes)
• Shows Roman army as a machine 

• "Markets of Trajan" 
• 110-112 CE
• Concrete;interior has groin vaults
• Open to public

• "Portrait bust of Hadrian"
• 117-125 CE
• Adopted son of Trajan
• GAYYY
• Beard=lover of the Greeks 

• "Pantheon" 
• 118-125 CE
• Built under Hadrian: held councils where he would sit in center (center of the universe)
• Influence from all over kingdom (marble floors from all over)
• Movement not solid: makes a floating feeling
• 30 ft oculus at top 

• "Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius"
• 161-180 CE
• Bronze statue survived as Christians thought it was Constantine 
• Feet not in stirrups, makes him larger

• "Portrait bust of Commodus as Hercules"
• 190-192 CE
• Thought he was Hercules; eventually was assassinated 

• "Apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustina" 
• 161 CE
• Him and his wife go to heaven on back of angel-like figure
• Left figure is the Tiber River, the right is Rome 

• "Decursio" 
• 161 CE
• War scene
• Displays difference between this relief and the Apotheosis 

• "Painted portrait of Septimius Severus and his family"
• 200 CE
• First African King
• His son Caracalla kills his brother Geta and scratches his face out to erase his memory

• "Portrait of Caracalla" 
• 211-217 CE
• Furrowed brow portrays his anger and authority 

• "Baths of Caracalla"
• 212-216 CE
• Baths open to the public; social atmosphere/spa
• [image]

• "Portraits of four tetrarchs"
• 305 CE
• Displays stability and unity of the four Emperors 

• "Arch of Constantine" 
• 312-315 CE
• Constantine: First Christian Emperor of Rome
• Took spolia from other Emperor's arches for his own to show he is a good Emperor by association 

• "Basilica of Constantine"
• 306-312 CE

• "Portrait of Constantine"
• 315-330 CE
• HUGE