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art hiytoru
art
50
Art History
Undergraduate 1
09/10/2018

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Term
patron
Definition
a person who supports artists with contributions or financial support, gifts, effort or endorsement
Term
patronage
Definition
support that kings, popes, and the wealthy provide to artists
Term
guild
Definition
economic and social organizations that control the making and marketing of given products in medieval cities. Artists are required to be in a guild.
Term
gild-gilding
Definition
applying fine gold leaf powder to solid surfaces to give a fine layer of cold coating
Term
print
Definition
an original work of art intended for graphic reproductions
Term
manuscript illumination
Definition
decoration of handwritten documents, scrolls, or books with drawings and paintings. Made in the middle ages, mostly
Term
competition
Definition
a test of skill or ability; a contest
Term
italo byzantine
Definition
he Italo-Byzantine style was one of the definitive aesthetics of Italy prior to the start of the Renaissance. This style peaked around the 13th century before gradually giving way to the earliest expressions of the Renaissance.

The Italo-Byzantine style built upon many aesthetic conventions of Byzantine art, notably the strong lines and outlines, the slightly abstract and otherworldly figures, and the tendency to present figures as floating against a gold-leaf background with no relation to realistic space. However, these traits were interpreted in unique and distinctly Italian ways by each Italian city-state. It was an expressive art form that filled the peninsula until a revitalized interest in ancient Rome began to inspire artists towards a new aesthetic.
Term
naturalism
Definition
style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail.
Term
relief low/high
Definition
projection of a figure or part of a design carved or modeled. sculpture done in this manner is either high or low relief depending on the height of the projection. when it is very shallow it is schiatto, or flat out
Term
arch
Definition
curved structure used to span an opening, masonry arches with wedge blocks, or voussoirs. There is the pointed gothic and the classin round.
Term
altarpiece
Definition
painted or carved work of art placed behind or above the altar of a christian church. may have single or more panels. triptych or polytych, both with winged hinges painted on both sides. rereds or retablo also names for it
Term
retable
Definition
smaller than an altarpiece, goes on the back to the altarpiece or on a pedestal behind it.
Term
quatrefoil
Definition
ornamental element composed of 4 lobes radiating from the center
Term
cathedral
Definition
church of a bishop. administrative center. cathedra/throne
Term
lamentation
Definition
The Lamentation of Christ is a very common subject in Christian art from the High Middle Ages to the Baroque. After Jesus was crucified, his body was removed from the cross and his friends mourned over his body.
Term
fresco
Definition
italian for fresh. technique of painting over plaster with pigments ground in water so the paint is absorbed by the plaster and becomes a part of the walll itself. buon fresco=paint on wet plaster, fresco secco=paint on dry plaster
Term
gothic sway
Definition
The s-shaped, graceful, pronounced torsion of a figure's body that is characteristic of Gothic sculpture.
Term
barrel vault
Definition
vault formed by a continuous semicircular arch so that is shaped like a half cylinder
Term
media/medium
Definition
objects used by artists to convery messages t o the audiences through the senses, typical paints, brushes, etc
Term
doge
Definition
elected lord and chief of state in many italian cities states during medieval and renaisssance periods
Term
form
Definition
The term form can mean several different things in art. Form is one of the seven elements of art and connotes a three-dimensional object in space. A formal analysis of a work of art describes how the elements and principles of artwork together independent of their meaning and the feelings or thoughts they may evoke in the viewer. Finally, form is also used to describe the physical nature of the artwork, as in a metal sculpture, an oil painting, etc.​
Term
disguised symbolism
Definition
Technique used in art to give spiritual meaning to ordinary objects in a painting.
Term
atmospheric perspective
Definition
Atmospheric perspective – also called aerial perspective – is the effect you get when far away objects take on the colors of atmospheric haze.
Term
diptych
Definition
a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels that may be closed like a book.
Term
triptych
Definition
a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.
Term
workshop
Definition
a meeting at which a group of people engage in intensive discussion and activity on a particular subject or project
Term
grisalle
Definition
a method of painting in gray monochrome, typically to imitate sculpture.
Term
tempera paints
Definition
Tempera (Italian: [ˈtɛmpera]), also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium
Term
oil paint
Definition
Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may be modified by the addition of a solvent such as turpentine or white spirit, and varnish may be added to increase the glossiness of the dried oil paint film.
Term
glaze
Definition
A glaze is a thin transparent or semi-transparent layer on a painting which modifies the appearance of the underlying paint layer
Term
renaissance
Definition
Renaissance, (French: “Rebirth”) period in European civilization immediately following the Middle Ages and conventionally held to have been characterized by a surge of interest in Classical scholarship and values.
Term
perspective
Definition
Artists use perspective to represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface (a piece of paper or canvas) in a way that looks natural and realistic. Perspective can create an illusion of space and depth on a flat surface (or the picture plane).
Term
linear perspective
Definition
Linear perspective, a system of creating an illusion of depth on a flat surface. All parallel lines (orthogonals) in a painting or drawing using this system converge in a single vanishing point on the composition's horizon line.
Term
sylized
Definition
stylized it means it's represented in a non-naturalistic conventional form. The heart-shaped symbol in the popular phrase "I heart NY," for example, is a classic stylized representation of a real heart. ... From the Old English word stile meaning "designation, title, manner or mode of expression."
Term
chiaroscuro
Definition
in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition. It is also a technical term used by artists and art historians for the use of contrasts of light to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects and figures
Term
contrapposto
Definition
an Italian term that means counterpoise. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.
Term
dome
Definition
a rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.
Term
column
Definition
an upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting an entablature, arch, or other structure or standing alone as a monument.
Term
arcade
Definition
a series of arches supporting a wall, or set along it
Term
impasto
Definition
the process or technique of laying on paint or pigment thickly so that it stands out from a surface.
paint applied thickly.
Term
engraving
Definition
the process or art of cutting or carving a design on a hard surface, especially so as to make a print.
Term
etching
Definition
engrave (metal, glass, or stone) by coating it with a protective layer, drawing on it with a needle, and then covering it with acid to attack the parts the needle has exposed, especially in order to produce prints from it.
Term
intaglio
Definition
Intaglio (/ɪnˈtæli.oʊ/ in-TAL-ee-oh; Italian: [inˈtaʎʎo]) is the family of printing and printmaking techniques in which the image is incised into a surface and the incised line or sunken area holds the ink. It is the direct opposite of a relief print.
Term
relief
Definition
Term
relief printing
Definition
Relief printing, in art printmaking, a process consisting of cutting or etching a printing surface in such a way that all that remains of the original surface is the design to be printed. Examples of relief-printing processes include woodcut, anastatic printing (also called relief etching), linocut, and metal cut.
Term
woodcut
Definition
An artist carves an image into the surface of a block of wood—typically with gouges—leaving the printing parts level with the surface while removing the non-printing parts.
Term
hatching
Definition
Hatching (hachure in French) is an artistic technique used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing (or painting or scribing) closely spaced parallel lines
Term
cross hatchi
Definition
Term
cross hatching
Definition
Crosshatching is an extension of hatching, which uses fine parallel lines drawn closely together to create the illusion of shade or texture in a drawing. Crosshatching is the drawing of two layers of hatching at right-angles to create a mesh-like pattern
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