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Rothko, Gethsemane, 1945, Autonomous Phase
origins of life itself is tragic, curvacious soft texture, beautifully tragic.
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Rothko,Homage to Matisse, 1953, Abstract Expressionism-Color Field- Mature Phase
Matisse, The Red Studio inspired Rothko. He loved the color,structure of work is abstraction. apollonian shapes Three part division fundamental abstraction of human figure, vertical painting human scale, intended to mirror you, he asked they be hung low to ground for viewer to confront that they are alone in the universe, conveying dyanysion through color ecstacy, tragedy, and doom. wanted to achieve beautiful tragedy. formalist work of art. religious fe |
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Newman, Cathedra 1958 Abstract Expressionism- Mature Phase/ Color Field
Function:supply simple life with the awesome meant to stand 18 inches
from the painting after the Sublime
Work is so large that it takes you in "to inundate the eye, saturate it, numbing thought"
Cathedra( old testament) Joshua visions standing in front of throne (cathedra) of God
stripe is the abstraction human figure. You are the stripe. Sublime feeling of standing in front of the awesome. mirror of yourself.
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Artists of the Abstract Expressionism
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· Clifford Still
· Mark Rothko
· Barnett Mewman |
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| name given to those works the Rothko produced in the late 40’s under the influence of Clifford Still |
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Hh should be as close to life as possible
He was a composer that made his music like life unpredictable, used chance and let musicians improv at some points. Believed the ideal is unrealistic, people can't live up to it expectations. If you set the bar low you'll succeed at being happy. Get hopes and expectations out of the way and just live. |
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| art should be as far away from life as possible. Art should be higher/ Better than life. Greenberg=purism transcend life |
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they are the best artists around.-Greenberg
Greenberg mentored Louis and Noland. Exhibited them, wrote about them being the BEST ARTISTS! basically holds their hand and teaches them everything they know so they can succeed Newman |
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1.Post-painterly abstraction
2.Hard edge
3.Process and materials
4.Conventionalism |
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| art is being reduced to its essence |
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Louis, Tet, 1959 Minimalism-Post Painterly Abstraction
Greenberg-calls it post painterly abstraction it comes after abstract expressionism it is next in the mainstream. Greenberg taught him how to do this, held his hand and told him everything to do then made him famous by writing about him.
Stain Painting emptied of everything that isn't painting.pure essence of painting color is color. less is less. Remove space because it represents the world.
Purpose: aesthetic pleasure "Pure" no life, expression, or figures take spectator out of this impure world into pure painting trancending life. For everyone art world elite |
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Frank Stella, Die Fahne Hoch, 1959, Minimalism-Hard Edge
(Die Fahne Hoch)Flag on a High- Hitler’s Marching song Purify the race while Stella Purifies art
pin-stripe painting
Depicted shape: shape on canvas
Literal Shape: shape of canvas
Experience transcendance : Simple,Clear,Definite
shape of canvas determines what is on canvas, art about art free from life. 3 in line b/c of 3 in depth of canvas
Rectangles because canvas is rectangular. Painting is about itself its sealed against te world.
For everyone in artworld |
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Judd, Untitled, 1962, Minimalism-Hard Edge
Artist removed himself from the art. This is made by machine. It is industrial.
Straight forward, man, tough, boring, serious, see right through, not much to say (character Masculine)
This art would be seen in corporate offices, impersonal places, mostly seen in nature because it is so different.
simple,clear,definite
Highly impersonal, about sculpture shapes forms materials not color steel as steel
For everyone in art world. |
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Carl Andre, Lever, 1966 Minimalism- Hard Edge
For the Critics Function: to make him famous by critics they meant a lot back then, they made artists famous. Greenbergian line forms and materials are essence of sculpture, not paint
This means bricks and it means something to Andre because his grandfather was a bricklayer and this piece is very Manly and it stands for The Roman god of fertility laying on the floor meaning it is masculine. This is a pure art because there is no meaning and no message.
also for everyone, to provide relief by being simple, clear, definite
Reference to brancusi endless
For art world elite |
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Richard Serra, one-ton Prop (house of Cards), 1969 minimalism-Process materials
About his father’s job as a pipe fitter in a shipyard. Big heavy pieces because they way they are assembled very unstable so when you are in their presence it shows how dangerous they are. A workman as killed installing one of the pieces. It is highly personal.
Simple,clear,definite
the memory is so central that he remembers his father in the shipyard. and he worked in a steelyard also.about Identity loved steel as a quality of himself ruggid, manly
Life size piece
also meant to intimidate you project image of self
For art world. |
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| idea is more important than physical manifestation |
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Kosuth, One and Three Chairs, 1965 Minimalism-materialism- conceptualism
Picture of a chair, chair, definition of a chair. Philosophical piece exhausted the meaning of chair
Simple, clear, and definite like hardedge. Appears perfectly sanitized of the person.
Appeals to mind not eye
minimalism is for artworld elite |
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Hesse, hang-up, 1968 eccentric minimalist.
The frame is bandaged, the steel wire is absurd, makes no sense. She was trying to suggest how absurd she felt. The bandage is about her injured condition born in germany, sent to live with cousins in Holand went to and orphanage parents found them divorced 2 yrs later parents divorced move to us mother commits suicide.. father later dies step mother was a bitch . The wire coming off is how she does not belong in the world. The frame is empty because she could not have children. Highly personal metaphor of the self.
Thought to be minimalism because of materialism
For anyone who can understand, mostly herself making something good out of something bad |
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Park, Bathers, 1958 New Figuration-Bay area figuration
Studied with clifford still thought he was pretentious, park thought the idea of changing world with art is bullshit. They are doing Nudes, this because it is an art subject non erotic. Figuration doesn’t mean realism. The purpose of this work is aesthetic pleasure. For everybody. Nice harmony of browns, grays, quiet . color is all that is beautiful
Worried about belonging to modern, its about colors not the figures, non personal or expressionistic.. formalist
For everyone, aesthetic pleasure |
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Diebenkorn, girl looking at a landscape, 1957 New Figuration-Bay area figuration
Arrangement of shapes and forms that are pleasant harmony of color
Realist element:
It is about what is good, how nice it is to sit quietly, the subject is here not as an object to look at, she is here as a subject with whom you identify
Painting as an aesthetic object and emotional pleasure of identifying with her. Feel tranquility
For everyone |
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Alex Katz, the bather, 1959 New Figuration-New York Figuration
For everyone
Meant to be quiet, simple, empty. To empty things out. Empty of emotion. In New York it is exhausting, and this art is quiet and still opposite of NYC.
empty expression
"I'd like to have style take the place of content, or the style be the content... I prefer it to be emptied of meaning, emptied of content."
Close to minimalism, very simple, elimination of detail and emotion
Relief of complexity of modern life
For everyone |
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Neel, Margaret evans pregnant,1978 New Figuration-New York Figuration
to experience individual, artist is a painter of people. woman is nervous sitting stiff and holding on tightly to the chair she looks highly uncomfortable. artists paints people because she want to and paints them how she want to interpret them because she finds them interesting
Provide spectator uniqueness of individuals
For everyone |
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Segal, Diner, 1984-1986 New Figuration-New York Figuration
Installation figures They are without color they are without life. They are make out of chicken wire and plaster these are ordinary crude and sloppy they are not beautiful figures (marbel and bronze) they are made out of UGLY materials The material he uses are fragil to reflect that so ids life. the walls are bare -emptiness-disconnection. has a relation to Hoppers Nighthawks. sends somewhat of the same message of "sad oasis"
Boredom of madoern life.
For everyone |
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| a kind of sculpture developed by Picasso where various piece of existing pieces are put together. |
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| 4 minutes and 43 seconds- |
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Cage-1952
4 minutes and 43 seconds of silence
listen to the background what happens while playing
Its about just listening , sounds are wonderful. there is no such thing as silence, didn't like the "noise" had too negative of a connotation. |
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| Legacy of Jackson Pollock- |
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| Allen Kapprow attempt to direct the course of Avante Garde art by saying Jackson leads us to life, he trying to make Jackson in Cage. More people would respond if Pollock pursued life. Greenberg said Pollocks art was "Pure". |
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| form of theater where there are no spectators, everyone is a participant |
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| Father of fluxus. simple amusing, unpretentious, no comodity, attainable by all and art should be produced by all. |
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indicate what the event is on a card. These event scores are simple. The event can be experienced as an idea or enaction the idea.
Founded by george brecht. four of his even scores
piano piece
string quartet
saxophone solo
solo for wind instrument
*drawing our attention to simple things. listen to what is going on in your life. |
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Paik, One for Violin, 1964- Neodada- Fluxus- Event Score performance
Event Card: Take a violin and smash it
Most famous one of the people who performed this Charlotte Mormon. She took the violin and some man ran onto the stage and said give it to a poor student and she just smashed it on his head.
Cage didn't like this, supposed to be light heart-ed and fun about life. This is destructive not appreciative of life.
Fun for everyone |
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Ono, Fly, 1968- neodada-fluxus
10 minute video- contemporary art first to use video as contemporary art and the fly is landing on a woman's body naked on a table. Yoko following the fly and is making fly noises.
The work is silly and funny, it is annoying (noise flies are annoying) what you want to do is beat the fly. She does not beat the fly because it is a lesson in tolerance!(She is a pacifist, against war) |
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Ono, cut piece, 1968 Neo Dada -Fluxus- Event Score
Event Score: Sit on stage fully dressed with scissors and invite people to come up and cut off clothes.
Ono sits on stage and gives audience scissors to cut off clothing to show people are good but at one point a person tried to threaten her with the scissors. its about trust, very serious piece very tense experience |
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Kienholz , State Hospital, 1964-1966 Neodada-Assemblage- installation
You have to look through window of a door to see figures inside. tied to the bed in bad condition. the only thing in the mind of the person in the thought bubble is the condition of the person. criticize the way people are treated in a state mental institution. Kienholz used to work in a mental hospital in CA. Social Criticism.
For everyone |
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Rauschenberg , Black Market, 1961 Neodada-Assemblage- combine
The audience would make the art by participating take something from the box draw on sheet leave a different object in the box. "I want to make artworks such that no two people see the same thing" The chaos on perception, different experiences for different people. Percieve images through experience. Some people just took stuff and did not follow direction and he said it was ok he accepts chaos.
Function accept and appreciate chaos of life.
For everyone |
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Rauschenberg, spring training, 1965 Neodada-performance
Cagian inspired by the event. Audience sits in the dark and his son brings a hamper with land turtles and each turtle had a flashlight on them they walk around in dark for 30 min. Bride hands out saltine, old man wanders around, dancers carry eachother around the stage for a while. Canned goods are shown on a screen behind them, and he was supposed to come out with dry ice but it was too dramatic so he cut it out. Unstructured, chaotic, and interesting in their own simple ways.
-function- to wake up to very life you are living, reality not ideal, metaphor for life indeterminate and chaos. accommodate to life you are living.
- FOR: everyone |
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| Summer of 52 after dinner one evening at Black Mountain College. Cage and his colleagues arranged chairs into a hollow square put white cup on each. Cage stands on latter and delivered a lecture, Cunningham danced a solo around and inbetween audience half the time followed by a small dog, Tudor played Cages music on a piano, Charles Olson and Mary Caroline Richards read sections of their poetry, movies and stills projected on Rauschenberg's white paintings which at been hung at an angle from the rafters played old scratchy phonograph records on an ancient wind up Victrola with a loudspeaker hornit took an hour and when over brought coffee for the white cups |
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| Rauschenberg's name for the combination of painting and sculpture |
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| Rothko, Homage to Matisse |
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| Diebenkorn, Girl Looking at a Landscape |
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Newman, Cathedra
Stella,Plum Island
Park, Bathers |
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Louis,tet
Stella, Die Fahne Hoche
Katz, The Bather |
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Kosuth, One and Three Chairs
Rauschenberg, Spring Training |
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Hesse, Hang-Up
Ono, Fly
Ono,Cut Piece |
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| Pearlstein, Female Nude Reclining on Bentwood Loveseat |
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| Neel, Margaret Evans Pregnant |
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Johns, Target with four faces, 1950-52 Neodada-assemblage
for: people who are smart, dedicated, sensitive
His art is “hiding” something. He did a collage and covered it up with waxy paint. you can see images and news and magazine articles under the paint which are about lonliness and death. he doesn't want to tell everybody how he feels so he covers it up. MOMA bought this and three other of his works (didn't notice the text under the paint)
He wants to communicate but only with a small number of people. The people dedicated, smart, and sensitive enough. Most people would just walk through and not pay attention and use the time and effort to go up close to the painting and there are little fragments of text about lonliness and death but not all. VERY COMPLEX
Eyes covered to depersonalized
For: small dedicated few |
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Johns, Painted Bronze, 1960 Neodada-Assemblage
for: people who understand it-spend time to figure it out who are smart, sensitive,dedicated.
Ostensible subject- art world issue, behind the issue is hiding behind it- personal ( one beer can is solid the other beer can is opened and light/skinny- ontop of the skinny can has "Florida" on it. These are two stand ins for Rauschenberg and Johns. Their relationship has just ended and Rauschenberg has just moved to Florida. Have to pick up cans
The empty can skinny and open is Rauschenberg.
The heavy enclosed large can is Johns weighted down with knowledge he read wittenstein when he was young.
It began from something dekooning said about castelli the art dealer. Dekooning said leo castelli can sell anything, he could sell a couple of beer cans.
-he took the remark and took it into two beer cans. The man who bought it was the most famouse collectors. $900!!!
1973 he sold it for $9000. For people in art word to understand art joke, also for those smart sensitive dedicated. |
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Johns, Souvenir, 1960 neodada-assemblage
Souvenir- something to remember trip. Good memories and the face is who it belongs to. has a backwards canvas with word "souvenir on the back
You want to turn the painting around to see what the souvenir is. Turn the flashlight on to see in the rear view mirror (bike mirror) and what you see is the color black. Black is Death. He is feeling sad because of death. He was preoccupied with death
for:small number of people. The people dedicated, smart, and sensitive enough.himself. |
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Johns, Untitled, 1972 neodada-assemblage
Looking at a wall and want to see what is behind it, what is boarded up. He is hiding in plain sight. Boarded up with body parts to the far right- dismembered body parts attached to wood. Crucifiction= death.
Far left- cross hatching is for shading it gives you life and death through light and shade.
Flagstone in middle represents metonymy (personal association) they carried some kind of meaning for him, he'll never tell. |
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| type of symbolism= personal association ex) dry erase talking about this idea of dry eraser. |
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Johns, Untitled, 1983 Neo-Dada Assemblage
References to death
plumbing about sex
avalanche warning sign
a hand from earlier subject of Hark Crane references death
upside down in crosshatch is Grenwald, Isenhiem artpiece that for people dying of plague in a hospital.
About Avalanche, Isenhiem, Death, Sex
AIDS gay plague Johns is gay and his preocupation of death comes from fear of AIDS and death. |
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| Most famous Greenbergian critic in 1960s |
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