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| The street running east to west in a Roman town, intersects the Cardo at right angles. |
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| The street running north to south in a Roman town, intersects the Decumanus at right angles. |
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| The space in a church reserved for clergy and singers. Located east of the transcept, it sometimes extends into the nave. |
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| Central area of a basilica or a church, marked by aisles and piers. |
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| A covered walkway either inside or outside. Commonly refers to the passageway around the apse and the choir. |
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| The section in a basilica or church that intercepts with the nave at a right angle. |
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| The central reception room of a Roman house that is partly open to the sky. Also, the colonnaded courtyard in front of and attached to a christian basilica. |
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| The uppermost portion of the platform of a classical Greek temple, supports the columns. |
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| The tall cylindrical portion of a column |
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| Vertical channeling, roughly semicircular in cross section and used principally in columns. |
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| The uppermost portion of a capital of a column, a thin slab. |
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| The element of the capital below the abacus. A convex molding. |
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| The lowest portion of an entablature, rests immediately on the capitals of the columns |
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| An architectural ornament consisting of a horizontal sculptured band between the architrave and the cornice. |
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| A projecting, decorative molding along the top of a building, framing the pediment. |
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| The cornice on the sloping sides of a pediment |
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| In classical architecture, the triangular space (gable) at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade; also, an ornamental feature having this shape. |
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| A feature of the Frieze of a Doric order temple; they are triple-groove figures that occur at intervals on the frieze, separated by Metopes, which are plain and smooth (though they might infrequently be adorned with relief work) |
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| A female figure that functions as a supporting column |
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| Ancient Greek historian: "father of history" |
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| Burial mound, in Etruscan architecture, covers one or more subterranean, multichambered tombs |
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| Two prime Etruscan stronghold locations. |
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| Hard baked clay, used for sculpture and as a building material; may be glazed or painted |
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| A platform used to raise something a short distance above its surroundings. A platform at which a priest makes speeches etc.; particularly refers to Greek temple processions. |
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| In ancient Rome, the social class that included the common farmers, merchants, and freed slaves who made up most of the population |
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the faithful reproduction of the immediate visual and tactile appearance of subjects (truthful) ugly and vulgar included.
true to natural appearance... |
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4 different styles:
1st style focused on the recreation of architectural elements; bricks, marble, entablature, etc.
2nd style focused on creating space with painting; illusionary space! Painted realistic scenes of happenings and locations on the walls.
3rd style went for an abstract style; impossibly thin columns and lines, which held various objects, such as trees, birds, plants, and such.
the 4th style can be considered a fusion of the previous 3 styles; some architectural features, some realistic scenes, and some fantastic abstractness. |
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| Illusionism...Tromp l'oeil |
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| Tromp l'oeil is a french phrase that means "Trick to the eye"; basically, Illusionism is a technique of painting that involves itself with creating a seeming 3D space with a 2D painted image. |
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| A landscape that shows an ideal countryside. Mainly refers to Pompeii wall paintings. |
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| Patterns and Scenes that are made from tiny pieces of tile or glass |
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| A small piece of tile or glass used in making mosaics. |
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| A column that is not free standing, but attached to a wall. |
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| not attached to any supporting structure such as a wall. |
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| Building material invented by the Romans with use of a broken down element of limestone, volcanic sand, water and small stones. |
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| A key material in roman concrete. Pozzolona is volcanic ash, and reacts with water in a way that makes the paste that starts the creation of proper concrete. |
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| The process of adding an extra layer to a building for purely decorative purposes. |
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| The process of creating arched shapes supported on columns, very strong. |
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| Is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve or pair of curves along a given distance. The barrel vault can best be thought of as an extended archway |
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| Produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.the cross/groin vault is an interesting vault design that has archway openings at all ends. An ideal figure for clerestory lighting. |
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| A water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. In a more restricted use, aqueduct (occasionally water bridge) applies to any bridge or viaduct that transports water—instead of a path, road or railway—across a gap. |
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| Peristyle is where there is a cella with columns all about the edge. They are either single layered, or double-layered columns, with 2 columns between the outside and the cella. |
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| A multi-story apartment house, usually made of brick faced concrete; also refers to an entire city block |
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| The circular piece of earth with a hard level surface where performances occurred |
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| "The place for seeing" - slope over-looking orchestra. |
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| Two Greek theaters put together, an elliptical shape, constructed about a central open space or arena. |
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| An Ancient Roman walled military camp with gridded rectangular layout, later a castle, fort, or fortified town |
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| In Roman architecture, a civic building for legal and other civic proceedings, rectangular in plan with an entrance usually on a long side. In Christian architecture, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usually entered from one end and with an apse at the other. |
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| "baths;" a large imperial bathing complex open to the public |
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| Great Roman architect of the time of Augustus (27BC - 14 AD) who wrote 10 books on architecture |
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| the cold-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment |
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| the hot-bath section of a Roman bathing establishment |
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| a public place in ancient Greece or Rome devoted to exercise |
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| Regular Latin word for "eye." Technically used to describe the empty round hole at the top of the dome of the Pantheon |
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| a sunken panel in a ceiling or a vault, ornamental |
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| forming or resembling an arch; "an arched ceiling". Architecture that uses a lot of arches and vaults in its design. Became much more popular with the advent of big bathhouse designs. |
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| Rule by four; the system of government established by Diocletian in which the Roman Empire was divided into two parts, each ruled by an "Augustus" assisted by a "Caesar." |
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| A porch or vestibule of a church, generally colonnaded or arcaded and preceding the nave. |
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| A concave, triangular section of a hemisphere, four of which provide the transition from a square area to the circular base of a covering dome. Although pendentives appear to be hanging (pendant) from the dome, they in fact support it. |
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| A building plan in which the sides are of equal length and in which the main space is symmetrical when bisected laterally and longitudinally. |
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| A plan in which the length of a building exceeds its with. Common in the basilicas of ancient Rome, having a central nave with an aisle on either side separated by a colonnade, and an apse at one end. |
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| Orders of column; Doric is plain, Ionic is iconic, and Corinthian is salad headed. |
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| The central chamber of a Greek temple. Usually where the patron god's statue was kept. |
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| Two sets of columns; 1st set of columns go all around the cella, the 2nd, closer set is Dipteral, covering only the end of the cella. |
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| Equivalent to Peristyle; Columns on all four sides of the Cella. |
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| Equivalent to Prostyle; columns only on one side of the cella. |
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| Prostyle only has columns on the front side of the cella instead of all around it. Was first found in Etruscan temples. |
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| The building behind the Orchestra, which serves primarily as a scenery backdrop |
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| Tufa, Travertine, and Marble |
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| Tufa is a lightweight volcanic rock, important in making concrete. Tavertine is a sedimentary rock that was also used in concrete, and was mainly involved in creating the Coliseum of Rome. Marble is pretty dang obvious, but also has some use in concrete. |
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| The process of burning a body after it's died. Was often practiced by Greeks and Romans, but not by Christians. |
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| Something like a recessed porch located behind a row of columns... |
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| A ceremony held in athens, where a ton of people parade through the streets, leading from the gate all the way up to the Acropolis, to the Parthenon, in which the people of Greece replace Athena's himation on her wooden statue. |
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| A fairly simple dress for female citizens. |
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| The garment of many folk in Greek culture. The Chiton was the base of it all; a flowing garment worn on the body. The Himation was an extra sash that could be worn on the shoulder. Both of these garments are unisex. |
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| A female statue in ancient greece |
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| A male statue in ancient greece |
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| Red-Figure painting is when figures on the vase are actually not colored in; instead, the painter paints all of the background black! This allowed for greater detail on figures and even a degree of shading. The more advanced of the two vase painting modes. |
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| Black-Figure painting involves painting black figures onto your vase, and keeping the backdrop of the vase white. This was the less advanced of the two vase-painting modes. |
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| Means "Counterweight"; a method of putting a statue into a dynamic pose; it was meant to show that the weight shift of a statue was realistic, with one leg carrying more of the weight on the other. Everything was shown; weight shift in the hips, in the torso, shoulders, legs, arms, everything. Of course, this system was developed by Mr. Polykleitos himself. |
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Polis = City
Acro = Gods/High
Necro = Dead.
Thus, the two mean the "City of the Gods" and "City of the Dead". Basically, they refer to intricate complexes used to commemorate the gods or dead. Our key example Acropolis is the Acropolis in Athens. |
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| The Dromos refers to the entryway into a Tholos Tomb. |
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| This term refers to the round, buried mounds that the Aegeans used. They were vaulted dome-like structures, and are quite impressive in size. The keystone example of a Tholos Tomb is the Treasury of Atreus, at Mycenae. |
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| A generic term used to refer to any circular temple design in Greek context. |
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| Modern masonry; Ashlar Masonry utilizes regular bricks to create walls, instead of haphazardly shaped stones. |
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| A term invented by the Greeks, who believed in one-eyed giants called Cyclops. The Greeks thought that these giants had built gigantic fortresses using gigantic stones, and knew not how any normal person could've moved them! In actuality, Cyclopean Masonry actually refers to masonry done by Aegeans years before the Greek civilization really began. |
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| In this situation, Corbels are stones that distinctly jut out beyond the previous stone. Corbelling is when you use Corbels to create a sort of primitive archway. |
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| Using the Corbelling system to create a primitive arch. The result is the Corbeled arch. |
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| Refers quite specifically to painting on limestone walls. Common in Greek and Rome societies. |
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| This is actually a mythological period of time, which refers to the period during which the Illiad and Odyssey took place. |
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| Homer was an Greek epic poet, who wrote the Illiad/Odyssey; a Greek myth that tells of tales relating to the Trojan war |
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| A rule for proportions in human shape. This is what Polykleitos was so famous for with his Doryphoros, because it presented his Canon visually. |
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| The old-kingdom egyptian tomb. These were basically big, trapezoid-shaped buildings with flat roofs. The predecessor to the famous pyramids. |
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| A stone that was used actually quite rarely. The reason for this is because Diorite is unbelievably hard, which made it impossible for most ancient civilizations to work with. However, the Egyptians somehow found a way, so Diorite is found in some of their pieces. |
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| A stone used in architecture. It's strong, dark, and hard... But also HEAVY! Thus, it had it's applications to the lower parts of buildings. |
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| A stone used in architecture. It's a key component to roman concrete, and even alone is quite good, being strong enough, and also on the lighter side of weight. |
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| an elaborate stone coffin |
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| Monochromatic/Polychromatic |
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| Break the word down into individual parts: chromatic is synnonymous to color, so essentially, these words mean mono-color and poly-color/multi-color. Quite self explanatory, refers to most painted art mediums. |
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| Clerestory/Clerestory lighting |
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| The clerestory is a raised central portion of a building, usually seen in linear building plans. Usually windows are placed in this raised portion of the building, which allows good light to shine in from above. Hence, Clerestory Lighting. |
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| A flat ceiling held up by columns. The example given is the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak. |
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| An tombstone usually with a design on it |
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| A flat stone, usually used to mark or commemorate something. |
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| Support system of architecture. Posts hold up beams, which hold up the roof. |
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| Two posts hold up a lintel, which is a big horizontal stone, in the case of the aegeans. In actuality, the Post-and-Lintel is another name for the Post-and-beam system. |
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| Describes a painted or relief piece in which a single character is shown several times in the piece, in a different situation at each location. |
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| The Egyptian system of writing that utilizes symbols that mean certain things. |
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| Styles of art. Formal opts for presenting a form of reality; leans towards ideal looks and symbolic appearances. Natural opts to present things more as they are; truer to life. Formal VS Natural is all relative; Egyptian tomb paintings are more formal than the Doryphoros, which is more formal than the Veristic bust sculptures of Rome. |
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