Term
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Definition
| held together by fibrous tissue; Includes: sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses |
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Term
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Definition
| held together by cartilage; includes: synchondroses and symphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| Joint cavity held together by ligaments; freely movable (diarthroses); includes articular (hyaline) cartilage, joint cavity, articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, ligaments, and accessories(labrums, discs, & tendons) |
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Term
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Definition
| Immovable joint; includes: sutures, gomphoses, & synchondroses |
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Term
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Definition
| Slightly movable joint; includes: syndesmoses and symphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| Freely movable joint; includes: all synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous Joint; seam replaced by bone by middle age; synarthroses |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous Joint; found in ankle joint; amphiarthroses |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous Joint; between teeth and jaw; synarthroses |
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Term
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Definition
| Cartilaginous Joint; lined with hyaline cartilage; many are temporary joints (epiphyseal plate in children)& some aren't (between rib and manubrium); synarthroses |
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Term
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Definition
| Cartilaginous Joint; Opposing structures covered in hyaline cartilage with intervening pad of fibrous cartilage; intervertebral joints and pubic synthesis; Amphiarthroses |
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Term
| Features of Synovial Joint |
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Definition
1)Articular Cartilage: covers ends to absorb compression and protect bones from erosion
2)Joint Cavity: Tightly packed space with synovial fluid
3)Articular Capsule: encloses joint; 2 layers: outer-tough fibrous capsule that acts as a ligament, inner-synovial membrane that covers internal structure
4)Synovial Membrane: highly vascularized with lots of blood vessels to make synovial fluid
5)Synovial Fluid: lubcricates articular cartilage
6)Reinforcing ligaments(dense connective tissue): Intrinsic(capular)-thickenings of joint capsule, extrinsic(extracapsular)-free of joint capsule (lies outside), intracapsular- inside synovial space but free of joint capsule |
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Term
| Accessory Structures of Synovial Joint |
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Definition
1)Articular disc (meniscus): cartilaginous structure in joint cavity; helps to improve fit, reduce friction, and increase motility
2)Labrum: fibro-cartilage ring around rim of joint; deepens joint cavity and makes better fit
3)Tendon: strengthens/holds joint together (stabilizes them) |
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Term
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Definition
| flat/nearly flat bone that slides over similar surface; ex: intercarpal joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Bringing articulating bones together(decrease angle); sagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases angle between bones; sagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| flexing toes toward leg (decrease angle); at ankle joint; sagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| extending toes outward (increase angle); at ankle joint; sagittal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving limbs away from midline; frontal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving limbs toward body; frontal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction; ex: making circle with finger; sagittal and frontal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| at synovial joints; ex head; transverse plane |
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Term
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Definition
| moving palm up; ex:radius and ulna parallel; occurs at elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| moving palm down; ex radius rotates over ulna; occurs at elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving foot inward (looking at bottom of foot); tarsal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving foot outward (skating); tarsal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| Sticking jaw out/bringing arms forward |
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Term
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Definition
| Sticking jaw in/bringing arms backward |
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Term
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Definition
| Closing mouth elevates mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening mouth depresses mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion: Gliding; Nonaxial; ex: intertarsals, intercarpals, and in between vertebraes |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion: Flexion and Extension; Uniaxial (Sagittal plane); ex: elbows/knee |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion: Rotation; Uniaxial (Transverse plane); ex supination/pronation, rotating head |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction; Biaxial (frontal and sagittal planes); ex: wrist |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion: Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction; Biaxial (frontal and sagittal planes); greater movement than condyloid; ex: thumb |
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Term
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Definition
| Motion: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation; Triaxial (sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes); ex: hip and shoulder |
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